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This study was conducted to determine the effects of AR as an unconventional feed material on growth performance, immunity, and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Thirty-two piglets weaned at 21 days (7.53 \u00b1 0.31 kg average BW) were fed with a corn\u2013soybean basal diet (BD) and a basal diet with 1% (LAR), 2% (MAR), and 4% (HAR) AR diets for 28 days. AR diets increased the serum IgA and complement component 3 levels, superoxide dismutase activity, and villus height in the duodenum (p &lt; 0.05). The MAR group increased the ADG, serum total protein, and mRNA expression levels of Claudin-1 in the duodenum and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and the mucin 2 (MUC2) in the colon, as well as colonic Romboutsia and Anaerostipes abundances, and decreased the Proteobacteria abundance (p &lt; 0.05). To sum up, dietary AR supplementation may enhance growth performance by improving serum immunoglobulin and antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets. Regression analysis showed that the optimal AR supplemental level for growth performance, immunity, antioxidant ability, and intestinal health of weaned piglets was 2.08% to 4.24%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14243569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T12:22:06Z","timestamp":1733833326000},"page":"3569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Artemisia annua Residue Regulates Immunity, Antioxidant Ability, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Microbial Structure in Weaned Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jinjie","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8568-1540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongnan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, H., Kang, X., Tan, H., Cai, H., and Chen, D. 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