{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:23Z","timestamp":1787027483555,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of a Standardized Natural Citrus Extract (SNCE) on broiler chickens\u2019 growth performance, gut health, carcass quality, and welfare. A total of 756 one-day-old Ross 308 males were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (CTL) fed with a standard diet, and a citrus group (SNCE) fed with the same standard diet supplemented with 250 g\/ton of feed of SNCE. Growth performance was recorded weekly until d 35, while mortality was recorded daily. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and European Efficiency Index (EEI) of broiler chickens were also calculated weekly. At day 35, 10 birds per group were randomly selected for slaughter performance. In parallel, broiler chickens\u2019 welfare was assessed according to the Welfare Quality Assessment Protocol. Caecal digest was also collected post mortem for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) analyses, and jejunum samples were collected for ex vivo gut permeability assay. SNCE dietary supplementation enhanced broiler chickens\u2019 performance, i.e., final bodyweight and EEI, compared to the CTL group. The carcass weight was also significantly higher in the SNCE group. In addition, the fat percentage was lower in the SNCE group. Regarding broiler chickens\u2019 welfare and gut health parameters, Footpad Dermatitis (FPD) and gate score were also lower in birds supplemented with SNCE. The SCFA measurement showed a lower concentration of iso-butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, and total putrefactive SCFA in the SNCE group. The differences in gut permeability measured as TEER value indicate that using citrus extract lowered the risk of gut inflammation. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of action that may underlie the observed effects of SNCE on performance, as demonstrated in this study and others. These effects could potentially be attributed to the reduction in inflammation and the enhanced utilization of nutrients. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T04:54:08Z","timestamp":1736312048000},"page":"127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Standardized Natural Citrus Extract on Growth, Gut Health, Carcass Quality, and Welfare of Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4286-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sekhou","family":"Cisse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Lab ANR FeedInTech (FIT: SONAS\/Nor-Feed), 49070 Beaucouz\u00e9, France"},{"name":"Nor-Feed SAS, 3 rue Am\u00e9d\u00e9o Avogadro, 49070 Beaucouz\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1319-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Matuszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment Biology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7236-0203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Bie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3579-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Ciborowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1686-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8093-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Michalczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Mendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Latek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Sobczak-Filipiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2054-5636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Konieczka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jab\u0142onna, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed El Amine","family":"Benarbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Lab ANR FeedInTech (FIT: SONAS\/Nor-Feed), 49070 Beaucouz\u00e9, France"},{"name":"Nor-Feed SAS, 3 rue Am\u00e9d\u00e9o Avogadro, 49070 Beaucouz\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103402","article-title":"Research Note: Welfare and Stress Responses of Broiler Chickens Raised in Conventional and Animal Welfare-Certified Broiler Farms","volume":"103","author":"Kwon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. 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