{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:24:42Z","timestamp":1791228282970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["32302685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302685"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2024SSYS0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SSYS0101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024SSYS0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SSYS0101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang","award":["CARS-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang","award":["32302685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302685"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang","award":["2024SSYS0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SSYS0101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing demand for enhancing livestock production performance and optimizing feed efficiency, this study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) containing different proportions of rice straw and sheath and leaves of Zizania latifolia on systemic nutrient metabolism and oxidative metabolism under host genetic regulation and on growth performance of heifers. A total of 157 heifers aged 7\u20138 months were selected, and their hair was collected for whole-genome sequencing. They were randomly assigned into four groups of 18 to 21 cattle each and fed FTMR containing varying levels of rice straw (21% in LSF, 28% in MSF, 35% in HSF) or 31% sheath and leaves of Zizania\u00a0latifolia (ZF) for a two-month period. At the end of trial, blood and urine samples were collected to measure biochemical indexes and metabolomics. The results showed that high rice straw content and ZF diets could increase blood glucose and non-protein nitrogen in heifers, that is, blood glucose and urea nitrogen levels in HSF and ZF groups were higher than those in LSF and MSF groups (p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the two diets could improve the antioxidant level of heifers. Urine metabolomics analysis between the groups identified three differential metabolic pathways, including 11 metabolites. Among them, l-homoserine and o-acetylserine had significant SNPs associated with them, which promoted glutathione metabolism. Although there was no significant effect of diet on heifers\u2019 average daily gain (ADG) in body weight (p &gt; 0.05), there was substantial inter-individual variation in metabolites among all animals, as further correlation analyses illustrated. Twenty-eight metabolites were significantly associated with ADG (R &gt; 0.3, p &lt; 0.05). Four of them were identified as biomarkers, primarily regulating energy metabolism and oxidative balance. In conclusion, feeding HSF and ZF FTMR enhances glutathione metabolism and antioxidant capacity in heifers, positioning key metabolites as candidates for ADG markers. This integrative omics approach underscores the potential for enhancing livestock productivity and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T08:03:05Z","timestamp":1736496185000},"page":"173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Integrating Metabolomics and Genomics to Uncover the Impact of Fermented Total Mixed Ration on Heifer Growth Performance Through Host-Dependent Metabolic Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minyu","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3353-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, S., Ma, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Loor, J., and Bu, D. 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