{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:09:22Z","timestamp":1789924162788,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014417","name":"National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F\/105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F\/105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis are among the most common diseases affecting poultry, with economic impact due to reduced production and the costs of treatment and prevention. Eimeria invasion contributes to gut damage that promotes the growth of other harmful pathogens, such as Clostridium perfringens. Coccidiostats, with toltrazuril as an example, are widely used to control these infections. In this study, we assessed the effects of Eimeria spp. infection and coinfection with Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens on chicken weight and toltrazuril concentrations, along with two metabolites\u2014toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone\u2014using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The analysis of liver and muscle samples showed lower levels of residues in groups challenged with Eimeria spp. In the case of combined Eimeria and C. perfringens infection, no significant differences were observed. These findings suggest that the combination of Eimeria and C. perfringens does not significantly alter the residue levels of toltrazuril and its metabolites, providing valuable insight into the pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril in poultry under infection conditions. This research contributes to optimizing drug use and residue management in poultry production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T04:42:08Z","timestamp":1736916128000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens Infection on Growth Performance and Toltrazuril Residues in Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0147-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Pietruk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzant\u00f3w Avenue, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5830-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Karamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzant\u00f3w Avenue, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5212-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Jedziniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzant\u00f3w Avenue, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7568-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Tokarzewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avi Expert\u2014Specialist Veterinary Clinic for Bird Diseases, Gajowa 1, 20-827 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2106-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Olejnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 11 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)60005-X","article-title":"The Biology of Avian Eimeria with an Emphasis on Their Control by Vaccination","volume":"60","author":"Shirley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. 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