{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:34:27Z","timestamp":1789155267855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["ED481B_033\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481B_033\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of repeat breeder syndrome (RB) in 2370 dairy cows in northern Spain. Data collected included the prevalence of postpartum pathologies, metabolic markers, and productive and reproductive parameters. The overall RB prevalence was 21.1%. In primiparous cows, the postpartum body condition loss (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.9\u20138.1, depending on severity), ketosis (OR: 3.5), lameness (OR: 3.4), clinical mastitis (OR: 4.2), dystocia (OR: 5.2), and endometritis (OR: 12.2) significantly increased the RB risk. Summer (OR: 0.4) or autumn (OR: 0.6) calvings reduced this likelihood compared to winter or spring calvings. In multiparous cows, risk factors included body condition loss (OR: 2.0), ketosis (OR: 4.3), lameness (OR: 2.5), clinical mastitis (OR: 4.2), dystocia (OR: 1.9), endometritis (OR: 6.2), metritis (OR: 1.38), and subclinical mastitis (OR: 1.9). A longer interval between calving and first postpartum insemination reduced the RB risk (OR: 0.99). Overall, metabolic and reproductive disorders were significant risk factors for RB across both cow groups, while seasonal calving and delayed insemination mitigated risk in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T07:47:37Z","timestamp":1737359257000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Prospective Study of the Prevalence and Predictive Risk Factors of Repeat Breeder Syndrome in Dairy Cattle in the North of Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sof\u00eda L.","family":"Villar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos C.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14014 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4200-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobo","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2447-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00eda","family":"Acci\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2124-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Barrionuevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-4018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER), USC, Lugo Campus s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro G.","family":"Herrad\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER), USC, Lugo Campus s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0580-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Quintela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER), USC, Lugo Campus s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5869-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ux\u00eda","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.05.033","article-title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors for and Impact of Subclinical Endometritis in Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows","volume":"74","author":"Salasel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(61)90063-7","article-title":"Present Status of the Repeat-Breeder Cow Problem","volume":"44","author":"Casida","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. 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