{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:34:47Z","timestamp":1790148887136,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","award":["APVV-21-0095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-21-0095"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","award":["1\/0067\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0067\/24"]}]},{"name":"VEGA","award":["APVV-21-0095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-21-0095"]}]},{"name":"VEGA","award":["1\/0067\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0067\/24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study strove to investigate the effect of boar age on conventional and non-conventional quality traits of fresh and liquid-stored semen. Sixty boars were allocated into 3 groups: 8\u201312 months (young); 24\u201336 months (adult); and 48\u201360 months (senior). Ejaculates were divided into two parts; the first one was assessed in native state while the second one was extended in the Androstar Plus extender containing gentamycin, stored at 5 \u00b0C and evaluated following 72 h. Young animals presented with a significantly lower sperm motility (p &lt; 0.01), membrane and acrosome integrity (p &lt; 0.0001), and mitochondrial activity (p &lt; 0.0001) against adult boars. Significantly higher levels of free radicals and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p &lt; 0.001), interleukin 1 and 6 (p &lt; 0.0001) were found in young boars in comparison to adult boars. The assessment of liquid-stored semen revealed a significantly lower sperm motility, membrane, and acrosome integrity (p &lt; 0.0001) in young boars when compared to adult boars. Moreover, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Rothia nasimurium remained in liquid-stored semen obtained from young boars, while Corynebacterium sp. and Escherichia coli continued to be identified in samples collected from adult boars. In conclusion, age contributes to the overall quality of fresh as well as liquid-stored boar semen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15030377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:47:29Z","timestamp":1738046849000},"page":"377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Age-Related Dynamics in the Conventional, Non-Conventional, and Bacteriological Characteristics of Fresh and Liquid-Stored Porcine Semen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Tvrd\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6942-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ond\u0159ej","family":"Bu\u010dko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2907-5909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"\u010eura\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4636-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Kov\u00e1\u010dik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9652-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Benko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. 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