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A total of 445 animals belonging to 11 different species were captured, the majority being rodents (75.7%; 337), followed by marsupials (24.2%; 108), and the most prevalent species were Cerradomys vivoi, Calomys expulsus, Necromys Lasiurus, and Marmosops incanus. Liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and lung fragments were collected for subsequent molecular diagnosis. Leishmania spp. kDNA amplification in positive samples was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Species identification of Leishmania was conducted through nested PCR, followed by sequencing. Leishmania spp. infection was detected in 2.92% (13\/445) of the animals. Sequencing revealed that L. infantum infected three animals, while the species of the agent in the other animals could not be determined. The results indicate the presence of Leishmania spp. in the studied region, primarily affecting the local wildlife. These findings not only highlight the risk of transmission to domestic animals and humans in close contact with forest remnants, but also underscore the critical role of these fragments in supporting native fauna. However, it is worth noting that the continuous deforestation of these forest remnants could lead to increased contact between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, thereby elevating the risk of transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15040588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1739860872000},"page":"588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection of Leishmania spp. in Small Non-Flying Mammals (Didelphimorphia and Rodentia) from Bahia, Northeast Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Graziela Baroni","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Animal Science, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio (Veterinary Hospital), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hllytchaikra Ferraz","family":"Fehlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Animal Science, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio (Veterinary Hospital), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatris Felipe","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7845-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1ssia Matos","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anai\u00e1 da Paix\u00e3o","family":"Sev\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6455-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Mendes","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6908-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin Roberto Del Valle","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0556-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George R\u00eago","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Lessa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz)\u2014UESC, Soane Nazar\u00e9 de Andrade Campus, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2022.060","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological investigation of Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. infection in free-ranged yaks and tibetan pigs on the plateau","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak. 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