{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:11:19Z","timestamp":1788502279250,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["11170820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11170820"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["21161663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21161663"]}]},{"name":"Scholarship \u201cAgencia Nacional de Investigation y Desarrollo (ANID, Chile)\u201d Doctorado Nacional","award":["11170820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11170820"]}]},{"name":"Scholarship \u201cAgencia Nacional de Investigation y Desarrollo (ANID, Chile)\u201d Doctorado Nacional","award":["21161663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21161663"]}]},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n de FAVET, Universidad de Chile","award":["11170820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11170820"]}]},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n de FAVET, Universidad de Chile","award":["21161663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21161663"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In pasture-based systems, prepartum dairy cows can be exposed directly to weather conditions during the transition period. We aimed to determine how temperate climatic conditions during spring and autumn calving seasons affect transition dairy cows\u2019 lying and ruminating behavior in outdoor conditions. Behavior and meteorological data were extracted from two external experiments carried out during the spring calving season and the autumn calving season. Mixed models were used to determine the effects of weather conditions on daily lying and rumination behaviors. In the spring calving season, high precipitation reduced the daily lying time, and the wind speed decelerated this effect both in the pre-and postpartum period. High precipitation combined with low air temperature or wind speed favored the rumination time in pre- and postpartum periods. In the autumn calving season, lying time was reduced as air temperature and wind speed increased during the prepartum period, and solar radiation increased in the postpartum period. The rumination time was reduced under warm conditions (high temperature\/solar radiation) in pre- and postpartum periods. These findings suggest that under a temperate climate, the weather of both calving seasons has important implications on behaviors associated with comfort, such as lying and rumination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15050621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1740049417000},"page":"621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Behavior of Transition Dairy Cows Managed Outdoors During the Autumn and Spring Calving Seasons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5527-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Cartes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Ciencias Cl\u00ednicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana 6640022, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Held-Montaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Sep\u00falveda-Varas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Cl\u00ednicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Programa de Bienestar Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5609","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of pregrazing pasture mass on pasture intake, milk production, and grazing behavior of dairy cows strip-grazing temperate grasslands","volume":"95","author":"Delagarde","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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