{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:50:38Z","timestamp":1793105438064,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Province Science and Technology Enterprises Innovation Capability Enhancement Project","award":["2023TSGC0540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TSGC0540"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Science and Technology Enterprises Innovation Capability Enhancement Project","award":["1619003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1619003"]}]},{"name":"Research and Innovation Team for the Protection and Utilization of Animal Germplasm Resources Research Project","award":["2023TSGC0540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TSGC0540"]}]},{"name":"Research and Innovation Team for the Protection and Utilization of Animal Germplasm Resources Research Project","award":["1619003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1619003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hu and Wugu \u00d7 Hu rams underwent scrotal insulation to simulate mild heat stress, resulting in a 3.0 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b0C increase in scrotal surface temperature. Semen samples were collected every five days from day 11 to 56, and testis samples immediately after insulation. Both breeds experienced similar semen quality reductions and recovery trends, including reduced motility, concentration and the percentage of morphologically normal, but on days 41 and 46, Wugu\u2013Hu rams exhibited significantly lower sperm motility than Hu rams (p &lt; 0.05). Wugu\u2013Hu rams demonstrate more transcriptomic changes. Further GO analysis revealed enrichment in spermatogenesis-related processes, while KEGG analysis identified Oocyte meiosis and cell cycle pathways, with a downregulation of key genes (CDK1, CDK2, CDC20, and PLK1) indicating impaired meiosis in Wugu\u2013Hu rams. In contrast, Hu rams showed minimal transcriptional changes, contrary to the transcriptomic results. The significantly increased apoptosis rate of Wugu\u2013Hu sheep testicular cells (p &lt; 0.05) suggests compensatory or post-transcriptional mechanisms mitigating functional impacts caused by transcriptomic changes. The conclusion is that mild scrotal heat stress affects sperm quality and testicular gene expression. Wugu\u2013Hu rams demonstrate greater transcriptomic sensitivity, but this does not show significant differences in semen quality recovery due to the compensatory mechanism of cell apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15050724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T04:58:17Z","timestamp":1741064297000},"page":"724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Semen Quality, Testicular Cell Apoptosis, and Transcriptome Analysis Following Mild Scrotal Heat Stress in Wugu\u2013Hu Crossbred and Hu Rams"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2166-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shikun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"},{"name":"College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-8954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Annandale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Charles","family":"Irons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huansheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kennedy, J., Trewin, B., Betts, R., Thorne, P., Foster, P., Siegmund, P., Ziese, M., Mishra, S., Uhlenbrook, S., and Alvar-Beltran, J. 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