{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T15:39:03Z","timestamp":1775576343862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lumbar and lumbosacral pain in dogs often involves multiple concurrent spinal pathologies, complicating the identification of primary pain generators. This study assessed the associations between MRI-diagnosed spinal pathologies and pain to provide clinically relevant insights for their diagnosis and management. MRI scans and clinical records of 518 client-owned dogs were retrospectively reviewed, documenting demographic data, pain status, and MRI findings. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the associations between spinal pathologies and pain, adjusting for age and weight. The intervertebral disc (IVD) extrusion was the primary pathology associated with lumbar pain, while radiculopathy had the strongest association with lumbosacral pain. Additional lumbosacral pathologies, including foraminal stenosis, IVD bulging, and IVD protrusion, were also significantly associated with pain. However, some dogs with MRI-diagnosed abnormalities showed no pain, whereas others with pain had no detectable MRI pathology, underscoring the need to interpret imaging within the clinical context. Pain responses observed during physical examination often overlapped between spinal and hip conditions, complicating diagnostic accuracy. These findings emphasise the importance of integrating imaging, clinical assessment, and targeted diagnostic techniques to improve pain localisation and treatment decisions, providing veterinarians with valuable data to refine the management of lumbar and lumbosacral pain in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15050761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T09:59:17Z","timestamp":1741255157000},"page":"761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multivariable Analysis of the Association Between Lumbar and Lumbosacral MRI-Diagnosed Spinal Pathologies and Pain in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9824-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Medina-Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Pain Management, North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley RH1 4QP, UK"},{"name":"Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad de Murcia, Programa en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"L\u00f3pez-Abradelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Pain Management, North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley RH1 4QP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2399-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliseo","family":"Belda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Riding-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging, North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley RH1 4QP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6586-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco G.","family":"Laredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Marwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging, CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Mortera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Neurosurgery, North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley RH1 4QP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 I.","family":"Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00733-9","article-title":"Low Back Pain","volume":"398","author":"Knezevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199306040-00002","article-title":"A Comparison CT-Myelo, MRI and Myelography","volume":"6","author":"Bischoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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