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For this purpose, adult Dezhou donkeys (n = 30) were equally divided into groups A, B, and C. Group A was actively immunized with 3 mg inhibin, group B with (1.5 mg), and group C was immunized with Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and served as a control. All animals in groups A and B were given a primary dose of inhibin (INH) antigen, i.e., 3 mg and 1.5 mg on day 1, followed by a booster dose on the 23rd day of the experiment. Blood samples were collected on the 21st, 28th, 34th, and 40th days of the experiment. Primary and booster INH immunization (3 mg and 1.5 mg) slightly elevated the plasma hormone concentrations of FSH, LH, AMH, and Activin A. The number of spermatogonia was significantly higher in group A as compared to group C on the 28th day of the experiment. Inhibin immunization also caused apoptosis in testicular histoarchitecture. In conclusion, Inhibin immunization can potentially improve the reproductive efficiency of Dezhou donkeys in a nonbreeding season by elevating plasma hormone concentrations of FSH, LH, AMH, and Activin A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T06:53:00Z","timestamp":1741848780000},"page":"813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Inhibin Immunization on Reproductive Hormones and Testicular Morphology of Dezhou Donkeys During the Non-Breeding Season"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Faheem","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Science, Uthal 90150, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2805-824X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenqiong","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5431-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1992-7941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ejaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5186-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, T., Hu, W., Hou, H., Zhao, Z., Shang, M., and Zhang, L. 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