{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:57:50Z","timestamp":1793393870095,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFE0100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFE0100200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS36-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS36-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32161143032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the earmarked fund for CARS","award":["2022YFE0100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFE0100200"]}]},{"name":"the earmarked fund for CARS","award":["CARS36-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS36-16"]}]},{"name":"the earmarked fund for CARS","award":["32161143032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143032"]}]},{"name":"the earmarked fund for CARS","award":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFE0100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFE0100200"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS36-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS36-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32161143032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143032"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","award":["2022YFE0100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFE0100200"]}]},{"name":"the National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","award":["CARS36-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS36-16"]}]},{"name":"the National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","award":["32161143032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143032"]}]},{"name":"the National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","award":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-2016-IAS-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproductive efficiency is crucial for dairy farm productivity, but achieving consistent fertility remains challenging. TAI improves pregnancy rates by synchronizing ovulation and enabling precision breeding. Despite the advancements in hormone synchronization protocols, outcomes vary due to genetic, physiological, and metabolic differences among cows. This review examines current TAI protocols, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based and estradiol\/progesterone (P4)-based synchronization methods, emphasizing their effectiveness and practical limitations. We also examined how to integrate emerging omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, into TAI protocols, marking a significant shift in reproductive management. These tools unveil molecular biomarkers that enable the precise tailoring of TAI protocols to the genetic, metabolic, and physiological profiles of individual animals, addressing challenges in variable fertility responses. Key factors influencing TAI success, such as animal health, environment, and insemination timing, are explored. This review identifies gaps in the existing literature, such as the integrated omics methodologies and data integration across platforms, and proposes a framework for future research to refine TAI protocols to address genetic variability and apply omics technologies to identify validated biomarkers for early pregnancy detection, which will significantly enhance the practical impact of TAI. Future directions highlight the need for interdisciplinary approaches combining molecular insights with robust on-farm applications to improve fertility outcomes and reduce reliance on blanket synchronization methods. By combining traditional synchronization methods with cutting-edge molecular tools, TAI offers promising opportunities for improving reproductive efficiency and sustainability in dairy farming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T06:53:00Z","timestamp":1741848780000},"page":"816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Advances in Timed Artificial Insemination: Integrating Omics Technologies for Enhanced Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Cattle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4910-151X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse Oluwaseun","family":"Ayantoye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3399-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubdar Ali","family":"Kolachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8615-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omaima Mohamed Tawfik","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cattle under Semi-Intensive Management System in Arsi Highland, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Terefe","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJSI Arsi J. Sci. Innov."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yusuf, M. (2020). Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in a Smallholder Farm. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Institute of Physics Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/492\/1\/012068"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chebel, R.C., Mirzaei, A., Peixoto, P.M.G., Factor, L., Montevecchio, A.B., Bisinotto, R.S., De Vries, A., Galv\u00e3o, K.N., Bilby, T.R., and Jones, K. (2025). Targeted Reproductive Management for Lactating Holstein Cows: Reproductive and Economic Outcomes of Double-Ovsynch Compared with a Targeted Approach Based on Resumption of Estrus. J. Dairy Sci., in press.","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25909"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22674","article-title":"Effect of Reproductive Management Programs That Prioritized Artificial Insemination at Detected Estrus or Timed Artificial Insemination on the Economic Performance of Primiparous Holstein Cows of Different Genetic Merit for Fertility","volume":"106","author":"Sitko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11016","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24109","article-title":"The Economic Effect of Cow-Based Reproductive Management Programs with a Systematic Use of Reproductive Hormones","volume":"107","author":"Wicaksono","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5788","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22666","article-title":"Targeted Reproductive Management for Lactating Holstein Cows: Reducing the Reliance on Exogenous Reproductive Hormones","volume":"106","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"6","article-title":"Effects of the Bull on Conception Rate of Dairy Cows in Different Seasons and According to AI Type","volume":"46","author":"Luz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Vet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.10.011","article-title":"Double-Ovsynch, Compared with Presynch with or without GnRH, Improves Fertility in Heat-Stressed Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"83","author":"Dirandeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13425","article-title":"Reproductive Performance and Herd Exit Dynamics of Lactating Dairy Cows Managed for First Service with the Presynch-Ovsynch or Double-Ovsynch Protocol and Different Duration of the Voluntary Waiting Period","volume":"101","author":"Stangaferro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brozos, C., Kiossis, E., Hatzieffraimidis, S., Praxitelous, A., Gouvias, I., Kanoulas, V., and Tsousis, G. (2021). Comparison of 5 versus 7-Day Ovsynch + Progesterone Releasing Intravaginal Device Protocols (PRID) and a Modified G7G with an Option of Heat Detection Protocol for 1st Service in Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102955"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11820","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20495","article-title":"Effect of Synchronized Breeding on Genetic Evaluations of Fertility Traits in Dairy Cattle","volume":"104","author":"Lynch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-AR2018-0070","article-title":"Intensified Use of TAI and Sexed Semen on Commercial Farms","volume":"15","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8411","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22082","article-title":"Effect of a Targeted Reproductive Management Program Designed to Prioritize Insemination at Detected Estrus and Optimize Time to Insemination on the Reproductive Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"105","author":"Rial","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100292","article-title":"Review: Genetic Selection of High-Yielding Dairy Cattle toward Sustainable Farming Systems in a Rapidly Changing World","volume":"15","author":"Brito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21070","article-title":"Economics of Timed Artificial Insemination with Unsorted or Sexed Semen in a High-Producing, Pasture-Based Dairy Production System","volume":"105","author":"Walsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17488","article-title":"Early Genomic Prediction of Daughter Pregnancy Rate Is Associated with Improved Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows","volume":"103","author":"Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23439","article-title":"Association between Genomic Daughter Pregnancy Rate and Expected Milk Production on the Resumption of Estrus Behavior in Holstein Cattle","volume":"107","author":"Madureira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-020-02326-2","article-title":"Effects of Clinical Mastitis and Puerperal Diseases on Reproductive Efficiency of Dairy Cows","volume":"52","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10715","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18694","article-title":"Ovarian Function and the Establishment and Maintenance of Pregnancy in Dairy Cows with and without Evidence of Postpartum Uterine Disease","volume":"103","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11529","article-title":"Cytological Endometritis at Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows: Prevalence and Effect on Pregnancy Outcome","volume":"100","author":"Hostens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107228","article-title":"Replacement of the First GnRH by Estradiol in the Breeding Ovsynch of Double Ovsynch Protocol Could Improve Fertility in Holstein Dairy Cows","volume":"252","author":"Allahyari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.03.026","article-title":"Fertility of Holstein Heifers after Two Doses of PGF2\u03b1 in 5-Day CO-Synch Progesterone-Based Synchronization Protocol","volume":"86","author":"Say","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107331","article-title":"Comparison of Three Reproductive Management Strategies for Lactating Dairy Cows Using Combination of Estrus Detection or Ovulation Synchronization and Fixed-Timed Artificial Insemination","volume":"257","author":"Denholm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8455","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12145","article-title":"Comparison of 2 Protocols to Increase Circulating Progesterone Concentration before Timed Artificial Insemination in Lactating Dairy Cows with or without Elevated Body Temperature","volume":"100","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20220557","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20220557","article-title":"Artificial Insemination Timing on Pregnancy Rate of Holstein Cows Using an Automated Activity Monitoring","volume":"54","author":"Marques","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cienc. Rural"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24994","article-title":"Delaying Induction of Ovulation and Timed AI in a Double-Ovsynch Protocol Increased Expression of Estrus and Altered First Service Reproductive Outcomes of Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"108","author":"Laplacette","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106759","article-title":"Early Resynchronization of Follicular Wave Emergence among Nelore Cattle Using Injectable and Intravaginal Progesterone for Three Timed Artificial Inseminations","volume":"229","author":"Kloster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-61-43-2018","article-title":"Invited Review: Reproductive and Genomic Technologies to Optimize Breeding Strategies for Genetic Progress in Dairy Cattle","volume":"61","author":"Fleming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8670","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24376","article-title":"Reproductive Physiological Outcomes of Dairy Cows with Different Genomic Merit for Fertility: Biomarkers, Uterine Health, Endocrine Status, Estrus Features, and Response to Ovarian Synchronization","volume":"107","author":"Sitko","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafi, M., Ghaemi, M., Azari, M., Mirzaei, A., Azarkaman, S., and Torfi, Y. (2021). Effects of Pre-Ovulatory Follicular Fluid of Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows on Bovine Fertility Transcriptomic Markers and Oocytes Maturation and Fertilization Capacity. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.670121"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435696","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2435696","article-title":"Study on Factors Affecting Estrus Synchronization in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"2022","author":"Kibre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z.Z. (2016). Control of Estrus Cycles: Synchronization of Estrus. Reference Module in Food Science, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100596-5.01037-4"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"101167","article-title":"Breeding Practices and Evaluation of Hormonal Estrus Synchronization and Mass Artificial Insemination of Dairy Cattle in Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Masho","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12781","article-title":"Efficiency Evaluation of Two Estrus Synchronization Protocols in Estrus Response and Conception Rate of Dairy Cows in the Dalocha District, Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Haile","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munthe-Kaas, M., Sveberg, G., Holm\u00f8y, I.H., Kommisrud, E., Haadem, C.S., and Martin, A.D. (2023). Pilot Study Investigating Estrus Length and Estrus Behavior in Norwegian Red Cattle on a Commercial Dairy Farm. Front. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1219001"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassanein, E.M., Szel\u00e9nyi, Z., and Szenci, O. (2024). Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Its Agonists in Bovine Reproduction I: Structure, Biosynthesis, Physiological Effects, and Its Role in Estrous Synchronization. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14101473"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H.Q., Zhang, W.D., Yuan, B., and Zhang, J.B. (2021). Advances in the Regulation of Mammalian Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041134"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18548\/aspe\/0007.01","article-title":"Synchronization of Estrus and Ovulation in Dairy Cattle","volume":"9","author":"Tibary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spermova"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932051","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2021.1932051","article-title":"Prostaglandin Based Estrus Synchronization in Cattle: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Bihon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2021-119","article-title":"Ovarian Response to Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 in Lactating Dairy Cows: A Clinical Update","volume":"68","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonczyk, A.W., Piotrowska-Tomala, K.K., and Skarzynski, D.J. (2022). Comparison of Intra-CL Injection and Peripheral Application of Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 Analog on Luteal Blood Flow and Secretory Function of the Bovine Corpus Luteum. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.811809"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.03.004","article-title":"Effect of Gonadorelin, Lecirelin, and Buserelin on LH Surge, Ovulation, and Progesterone in Cattle","volume":"84","author":"Lhermie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.10.012","article-title":"LH Secretion around Induced Ovulation during Early and Late Diestrus and Its Effect on the Appearance of Short Estrous Cycles in Cyclic Dairy Heifers","volume":"83","author":"Rantala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"101","article-title":"Estrus Synchronization in Ethiopian Dairy Cattle: Principle, Purpose and Influencing Factors","volume":"1","author":"Bekuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Husb. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6622487","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6622487","article-title":"Risk Factors for the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows and Economic Impact of Failure of First Service Insemination in and around Haramaya Town, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"2021","author":"Hamid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso Consentini, C.E., Wiltbank, M.C., and Sartori, R. (2021). Factors That Optimize Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Herds with an Emphasis on Timed Artificial Insemination Programs. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020301"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2024.107602","article-title":"Effect of Repeated Low Doses of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone on the Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Ovarian Function in Dairy Cows Suffering from Anovulation Type I","volume":"270","author":"Nowicki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21431","article-title":"Symposium Review: The Implications of Spontaneous versus Synchronized Ovulations on the Reproductive Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"105","author":"Fricke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS4.6713","article-title":"Increasing the Success of Artificial Insemination through Control of Local Cattle Estrus as a Genetic Resource","volume":"6","author":"Udin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.06.011","article-title":"Treatment with an Elevated Dose of the GnRH Analogue Dephereline in the Early Luteal Phase Improves Pregnancy Rates in Repeat-Breeder Dairy Cows","volume":"155","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9040","article-title":"Increasing Estradiol Benzoate, Pretreatment with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, and Impediments for Successful Estradiol-Based Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocols in Dairy Cattle","volume":"98","author":"Monteiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4413","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22618","article-title":"Effect of Progesterone from Corpus Luteum, Intravaginal Implant, or Both on Luteinizing Hormone Release, Ovulatory Response, and Subsequent Luteal Development after Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Treatment in Cows","volume":"106","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13628","article-title":"Effect of Dose and Timing of Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 Treatments during a Resynch Protocol on Luteal Regression and Fertility to Timed Artificial Insemination in Lactating Holstein Cows","volume":"101","author":"Barletta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20156","article-title":"Impact of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Administration at the Time of Artificial Insemination on Conception Risk and Its Association with Estrous Expression","volume":"105","author":"Burnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23938","article-title":"Effect of 200 \u039cg of Gonadorelin at the First Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone of the Resynch-25 on Ovarian Dynamics and Fertility in Lactating Holstein Cows","volume":"107","author":"Martins","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2478\/macvetrev-2020-0028","article-title":"Modification of the Standard 7-Day Ovsynch Protocol to Increase the Luteolytic and Synchronization Risks in Dairy Cows","volume":"43","author":"Atanasov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maced. Vet. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.01.006","article-title":"Ovulation and Fertility Response to Commercially Available GnRH Products in Lactating Cows Synchronized with the Double-Ovsynch Protocol","volume":"202","author":"Luchterhand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1515\/jvetres-2017-0043","article-title":"OvSynch Protocol and Its Modifications in the Reproduction Management of Dairy Cattle Herds -an Update","volume":"61","author":"Nowicki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of Follicular Growth Promoters on Timed Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows","volume":"26","author":"Madureira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. MVZ Cordoba"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10526","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14495","article-title":"Effect of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Treatment during a Progesterone-Based Timed Artificial Insemination Program on Reproductive Performance in Seasonal-Calving Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"101","author":"Randi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2023-069","article-title":"Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Treatment and Timed Artificial Insemination for Dairy Cow Production under Heat Stress","volume":"70","author":"Funakoshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.09.013","article-title":"Effect of GnRH on Ovulatory Response after Luteolysis Induced by Two Low Doses of PGF2\u03b1 in Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"105","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"423","article-title":"Conception Rate of Pre-Synchronization and Two Short Term Heat-Synch Programs Using Two Doses of PGF2\u03b1 in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows","volume":"15","author":"Bahrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9575","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14653","article-title":"Dose Frequency of Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 Administration to Dairy Cows Exposed to Presynchronization and Either 5- or 7-Day Ovsynch Program Durations: Ovulatory and Luteolytic Risks","volume":"101","author":"Stevenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"157","article-title":"Second Prostaglandin F 2\u03b1 Treatment during Ovsynch Protocol Does Not Improve Fertility Outcomes in Dairy Cows","volume":"22","author":"Nowicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.06.023","article-title":"Treatment Alternatives to Induce Follicular Wave Emergence for Timed-AI in Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"226","author":"Tschopp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114000858","article-title":"Synchronisation of Ovulation for Management of Reproduction in Dairy Cows","volume":"8","author":"Bisinotto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2022.106954","article-title":"Success of Artificial Insemination Based on Expression of Estrus and the Addition of GnRH to an Estradiol\/Progesterone-Based Protocol on Pregnancy Rates in Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"238","author":"Tschopp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15129","article-title":"Intensity of Estrus Following an Estradiol-Progesterone-Based Ovulation Synchronization Protocol Influences Fertility Outcomes","volume":"102","author":"Madureira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.08.033","article-title":"Comparing the Effect of Estradiol Benzoate and 17\u03b2-Estradiol plus Progesterone on Follicular Turnover and Development, and Pregnancy Outcomes in a Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol","volume":"192","author":"Rocha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2015.1310-1316","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy of Different Estrus Synchronization Protocols on Estrus Induction Response, Fertility and Plasma Progesterone and Biochemical Profile in Crossbred Anestrus Cows","volume":"8","author":"Dhami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2022-0212","article-title":"Improved Fertility Following a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Treatment on Day 2 of an Estradiol and Progesterone-Based Timed-Artificial Insemination Protocol in Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"3","author":"Consentini","year":"2022","journal-title":"JDS Commun."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.09.024","article-title":"A Simple and Practical Short-Term Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol Using Estradiol Benzoate with Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 in Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"141","author":"Bandai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borchardt, S., Pohl, A., and Heuwieser, W. (2020). Luteal Presence and Ovarian Response at the Beginning of a Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol for Lactating Dairy Cows Affect Fertility: A Meta-Analysis. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091551"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.03.037","article-title":"Development of Fertility Programs to Achieve High 21-Day Pregnancy Rates in High-Producing Dairy Cows","volume":"114","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5122","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23923","article-title":"Comparison of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Estradiol Benzoate plus Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone to Initiate a Progesterone-Based Timed Artificial Insemination Resynchronization Protocol in Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"107","author":"Consentini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2022.106975","article-title":"Development of a Letrozole-Based Synchronization Protocol for Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination in Beef Cattle","volume":"240","author":"Zwiefelhofer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.08.025","article-title":"Aromatase Inhibitors: A New Approach for Controlling Ovarian Function in Cattle","volume":"112","author":"Yapura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12318","article-title":"Short Communication: Optimization of a Timed Artificial Insemination Program for Reproductive Management of Heifers in Canadian Dairy Herds","volume":"100","author":"Macmillan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8800","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9968","article-title":"Manipulation of Progesterone to Increase Ovulatory Response to the First GnRH Treatment of an Ovsynch Protocol in Lactating Dairy Cows Receiving First Timed Artificial Insemination","volume":"98","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yotov, S., Fasulkov, I., Atanasov, A., Kistanova, E., Sinapov, B., Ivanova, B., Yarkov, D., and Zaimova, D. (2023). Influence of Ovarian Status and Steroid Hormone Concentration on Day of Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) on the Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows Inseminated with Sexed Semen. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13050896"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.02.032","article-title":"Fertility after Two Doses of PGF2\u03b1 Concurrently or at 6-Hour Interval on the Day of CIDR Removal in 5-Day CO-Synch Progesterone-Based Synchronization Protocols in Beef Heifers","volume":"86","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.22.0353","article-title":"Efficacy of a Modified Double-Ovsynch Protocol for the Enhancement of Reproductive Performance in Hanwoo Cattle","volume":"36","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3554","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13570","article-title":"Follicular Dynamics, Circulating Progesterone, and Fertility in Holstein Cows Synchronized with Reused Intravaginal Progesterone Implants That Were Sanitized by Autoclave or Chemical Disinfection","volume":"101","author":"Melo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar Yata, V., Mohanty, A.K., and Lichtfouse, E. (2024). Applications of Omics Technologies in Livestock Production, Improvement and Sustainability. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews: Animal Biotechnology for Livestock Production 4, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54372-2"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2015-0006","article-title":"Dairy Cattle Reproduction Is a Tightly Regulated Genetic Process: Highlights on Genes, Pathways, and Biological Processes","volume":"5","author":"Valour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Front."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-023-10021-4","article-title":"Comprehensive Selection Signature Analyses in Dairy Cattle Exploiting Purebred and Crossbred Genomic Data","volume":"34","author":"Nayak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20230064","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2023-0064","article-title":"Embryo Biopsies for Genomic Selection in Tropical Dairy Cattle","volume":"20","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-019-0207-1","article-title":"Genomic Selection Strategies for Breeding Adaptation and Production in Dairy Cattle under Climate Change","volume":"123","author":"Kantanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salilew-Wondim, D., Tholen, E., Held-Hoelker, E., Shellander, K., Blaschka, C., Drillich, M., Iwersen, M., Suess, D., Gebremedhn, S., and Tesfaye, D. (2023). Endometrial DNA Methylation Signatures during the Time of Breeding in Relation to the Pregnancy Outcome in Postpartum Dairy Cows Fed a Control Diet or Supplemented with Rumen-Protected Methionine. Front. Genet., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1267053"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7352","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24378","article-title":"Ovarian Function and Endocrine Phenotypes of Lactating Dairy Cows during the Estrous Cycle Are Associated with Genomic-Enhanced Predictions of Fertility Potential","volume":"107","author":"Sitko","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15358","article-title":"Interactions of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin with Genotype and Parity on Fertility Responses of Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"102","author":"Zolini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponce-Barajas, P., Colazo, M.G., Behrouzi, A., Ree, T.O., Kastelic, J.P., and Ambrose, D.J. (2023). Morphologic, Steroidogenic, and Transcriptomic Assessment of the Corpus Luteum in Holstein Cows after Spontaneous or Hormone-Induced Ovulation. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142283"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2020.103148","article-title":"Proteomics and Transcriptomics Study Reveals the Utility of ISGs as Novel Molecules for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Dairy Cows","volume":"140","author":"Panda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00027.2020","article-title":"Characterization of the Endometrial Transcriptome in Early Diestrus Influencing Pregnancy Status in Dairy Cattle after Transfer of in Vitro-Produced Embryos","volume":"52","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Genom."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.04.008","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles of Follicular Fluid from Heat-Stressed Cows Modify the Gene Expression of in Vitro-Matured Oocytes","volume":"205","author":"Sartori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.05.006","article-title":"Accuracy of Early Pregnancy Diagnosis and Determining Pregnancy Loss Using Different Biomarkers and Machine Learning Applications in Dairy Cattle","volume":"224","author":"Ferraz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox183","article-title":"Mechanisms for Rescue of Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy: Gene Expression in Bovine Corpus Luteum Following Intrauterine Pulses of Prostaglandins E1 and F2\u03b1\u2020","volume":"98","author":"Ochoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.05.025","article-title":"Expression of Genes for Transport of Water and Angiogenesis, as Well as Biochemical Biomarkers in Holstein Dairy Cows during the Ovsynch Program","volume":"208","author":"Sharawy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, L.M.M.d.C., Mendes, G.P., Campos, D.B., Baruselli, P.S., and Papa, P.d.C. (2016). Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Modulates the Expression of Genes Related to the Structure and Function of the Bovine Corpus Luteum. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164089"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2024.106876","article-title":"Effect of the Gonadotropin Surge on Steroid Receptor Regulation in Preovulatory Follicles and Newly Formed Corpora Lutea in the Cow","volume":"89","author":"Berisha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Meir, Y.A., Daddam, J.R., Kra, G., Kamer, H., Portnick, Y., Levin, Y., and Zachut, M. (2022). Proteomic Analysis of Adipose Tissue Revealing Differentially Abundant Proteins in Highly Efficient Mid-Lactating Dairy Cows. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13964-x"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22224","article-title":"Complementary Hepatic Metabolomics and Proteomics Reveal the Adaptive Mechanisms of Dairy Cows to the Transition Period","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2016.03.027","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of Preovulatory Follicular Fluid Reveals Differentially Abundant Proteins in Less Fertile Dairy Cows","volume":"139","author":"Zachut","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12294","article-title":"Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows","volume":"25","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1071\/RD18338","article-title":"Transcriptomics-Genomics Data Integration and Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Analyses in Oocyte Donors and Embryo Recipients for Improving in Vitro Production of Dairy Cattle Embryos","volume":"31","author":"Kadarmideen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-AR2018-0038","article-title":"Applications of Large-Scale Molecular Profiling Techniques to the Study of the Corpus Luteum","volume":"15","author":"Pate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, K.M., Read, C.C., Kriese-Anderson, L.A., Rodning, S.P., Brandebourg, T.D., Biase, F.H., Marks, M.L., Elmore, J.B., Stanford, M.K., and Dyce, P.W. (2018). Plasma Metabolomic Profiles Differ at the Time of Artificial Insemination Based on Pregnancy Outcome, in Bos Taurus Beef Heifers. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31605-0"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6515","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23082","article-title":"Biomarker Metabolite Mating of Viable Frozen-Thawed in Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos with Pregnancy-Competent Recipients Leads to Improved Birth Rates","volume":"106","author":"Gimeno","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hessock, E.A., Edwards, J.L., Schrick, F.N., Payton, R.R., Campagna, S.R., Pollock, A.B., Clark, H.M., Stokes, A.E., Klabnik, J.L., and Hill, K.S. (2023). Metabolite Abundance in Bovine Preovulatory Follicular Fluid Is Influenced by Follicle Developmental Progression Post Estrous Onset in Cattle. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1156060"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10754","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18207","article-title":"Associations between Genomic Merit for Daughter Pregnancy Rate of Holstein Cows and Metabolites Postpartum and Estrus Characteristics","volume":"103","author":"Chebel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Huang, Y., Shu, S., Wang, G., Fu, C., Huang, R., Zhang, J., Su, H., He, Y., and Lei, C. (2024). Transcriptomics and Metabolomics of Blood, Urine and Ovarian Follicular Fluid of Yak at Induced Estrus Stage. BMC Genom., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10079-7"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2024.106260","article-title":"Metabolic Profile of Prepartum Dairy Cows and Its Influence on the Immediate Postpartum Period, Colostrum Quality and Passive Immunity Transference","volume":"308","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9875","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24995","article-title":"Estrous Activity in Nulliparous Heifers with Divergent Genetic Merit for Fertility Traits","volume":"107","author":"Reed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.08.032","article-title":"Nulliparous and Primiparous Cows Produce Less Fertile Female Offspring with Lesser Concentration of Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone (AMH) as Compared with Multiparous Cows","volume":"197","author":"Akbarinejad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/6\/816\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:52:49Z","timestamp":1760028769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/6\/816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15060816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15060816","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]}}}