{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:19:05Z","timestamp":1773335945088,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Western University of Health Sciences (Pomona, CA, USA)"},{"name":"Gyeongsang National University (Jinju, Republic of Korea)"},{"name":"Intromedic Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Republic of Korea)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and sensitivity of real-time video capsule endoscopy (RT-VCE) when detecting surgical and nonsurgical gastric lesions in dogs that presented with acute vomiting. Additionally, the patient tolerance and the utility of the RT-VCE data for clinical decision-making were assessed. Eleven client-owned dogs with an acute onset of vomiting were included. Each dog received an antiemetic and antacid before undergoing an RT-VCE (MC1200, MiroCam\u00ae, Intromedic, Seoul, Republic of Korea). We independently reviewed the RT-VCE images to assess the image quality, detect gastric lesions, and make clinical decisions. The time taken to reach a diagnosis and the inter-clinician agreement were evaluated. RT-VCEs were successfully completed in all the dogs, with a mean time to diagnosis of 21.82 \u00b1 15.26 min (range: 1\u201348 min). Both clinicians reached unanimous agreement on the RT-VCE findings. Five dogs were diagnosed with gastric foreign bodies and underwent surgical removal, while the remaining six were diagnosed with gastritis, a gastric ulcer or erosion, or hemorrhages, which were managed medically. No adverse effects, including vomiting, were observed after the capsule administration. RT-VCE proved to be an effective, accurate, and well-tolerated diagnostic method for evaluating gastric conditions in dogs with acute vomiting. Its rapid diagnostic capability and non-invasive nature make it a valuable modality in emergency veterinary settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15071056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T03:23:07Z","timestamp":1743996187000},"page":"1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Study on the Diagnostic Approach Using Real-Time Video Capsule Endoscopy in Dogs with Acute Vomiting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hyomi","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VIP Animal Medical Center (Cheongdam), Seoul 06068, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0507-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5116-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-In","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00783.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats: A retrospective study of 208 cases","volume":"50","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.9.1190","article-title":"Gastric foreign body as a risk factor for gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs","volume":"241","author":"Toscano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12271","article-title":"Linear versus non-linear gastrointestinal foreign bodies in 499 dogs: Clinical presentation, management and short-term outcome","volume":"55","author":"Hobday","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13520","article-title":"Outcomes of dogs undergoing immediate or delayed surgical treatment for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction: A retrospective study by the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery","volume":"50","author":"Maxwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(94)50134-7","article-title":"Acute vomiting","volume":"24","author":"King","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00052-4","article-title":"Canine gastritis","volume":"33","author":"Webb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00160.x","article-title":"Survey of the use of radiography vs. ultrasonography in the investigation of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in small animals","volume":"47","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.09.006","article-title":"Digestive diseases in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"51","author":"Freiche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1985.9693989","article-title":"Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the dog","volume":"7","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)50063-7","article-title":"Gastroduodenoscopy in the dog and cat","volume":"31","author":"Zoran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"2533","article-title":"Real-time viewing of video capsule endoscopy for ongoing mid GI bleeding","volume":"59","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12442","article-title":"Evaluation of capsule endoscopy to detect mucosal lesions associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in dogs","volume":"57","author":"Davignon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.032","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy","volume":"152","author":"Enns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2018.092","article-title":"Evaluation of gastric disease with capsule endoscopy","volume":"51","author":"Nam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15584","article-title":"Use of video capsule endoscopy to identify gastrointestinal lesions in dogs with microcytosis or gastrointestinal hemorrhage","volume":"33","author":"Mabry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.253045134","article-title":"Imaging of small bowel disease: Comparison of capsule endoscopy, standard endoscopy, barium examination, and CT","volume":"25","author":"Hara","year":"2005","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/7\/1056\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:10:43Z","timestamp":1760029843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/7\/1056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15071056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15071056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]}}}