{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T18:58:32Z","timestamp":1782413912122,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["5242015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5242015"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-03"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-01"]}]},{"name":"Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","award":["5242015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5242015"]}]},{"name":"Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","award":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-03"]}]},{"name":"Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","award":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-01"]}]},{"name":"Huailai Zhiyangtianbao Technical development Co., Ltd.","award":["5242015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5242015"]}]},{"name":"Huailai Zhiyangtianbao Technical development Co., Ltd.","award":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-03"]}]},{"name":"Huailai Zhiyangtianbao Technical development Co., Ltd.","award":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFWBH-LSQ-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abscesses are among the diseases affecting the survival of captive musk deer and are difficult to identify in their early stages. In this study, metagenomic sequencing, 16S rRNA sequencing, and paraffin sectioning were used to analyze the microbiota in the abscess musk deer pus group (AMP), abscess musk deer oral group (AMO), and healthy musk deer oral group (HMO) to compare the differences in microbiota in musk deer. By detecting differences in the oral microbiota through throat swabs, we aimed to monitor the early onset of abscess disease to facilitate timely intervention and treatment. The results showed that the alpha diversity of HMO microbiota was significantly higher than that of the AMP and AMO samples. Beta diversity results indicated that there were significant differences in the bacterial communities of HMO and AMO samples, and no significant difference was found between AMO and AMP samples. A taxonomic analysis of the bacterial species indicated that differences between HMO and AMP groups were found in the Fusobacterium and Trueperella species. Fusobacterium and Trueperella were the main pathogenic bacteria responsible for the occurrence of abscess diseases in forest musk deer in this study. Furthermore, the appearance of Fusobacterium and Trueperella in the oral cavity can serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of abscess disease in musk deer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15081105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T05:38:26Z","timestamp":1744349906000},"page":"1105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of the Primary Pathogenic Bacteria in Abscess Disease of Musk Deer Using Metagenomic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jingyao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongzeng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiatong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 600436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runbin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huailai Zhiyangtianbao Technical Development Co., Ltd., Huailai, Zhangjiakou 075400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huailai County Forestry Bureau, Huailai, Zhangjiakou 075400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wu, J.Y., and Wang, W. 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