{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:12:37Z","timestamp":1792843957990,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ovine respiratory complex significantly affects lamb welfare and production efficiency, necessitating accurate diagnostic methods for pulmonary lesions. This study explores the relationship between clinical scoring, auscultation, ultrasonography, and macroscopic post-mortem evaluation to assess respiratory disease in 111 lambs. A standardized clinical scoring system, adapted from bovine models, evaluated ocular and nasal discharge, head tilt, cough, and rectal temperature. Auscultation categorized pulmonary sounds, while ultrasonography identified lung abnormalities, including B-lines, consolidations, pleural effusion, and abscesses. Macroscopic post-mortem examinations confirmed lesion extent. Kendall\u2013Tau-B correlation coefficient analysis revealed significant associations between the methods (p &lt; 0.01), with a high correlation between auscultation and clinical scoring \u03c4 of 0.634 (95% CI: 0.489 to 0.765), auscultation and ultrasonography \u03c4 of 0.611 (95% CI: 0.500 to 0.710), and ultrasonography and post-mortem findings \u03c4 0.608 (95% CI: 0.460 to 0.731). While auscultation and clinical scoring provided useful insights, ultrasonography exhibited superior sensitivity in detecting subclinical and early-stage lesions, aligning closely with post-mortem evaluations. These findings emphasize ultrasonography as an effective tool for diagnosing respiratory disease in lambs, improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling timely interventions to mitigate disease impact and reduce antimicrobial use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15081153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:16:21Z","timestamp":1744863381000},"page":"1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Use of Ultrasonography for the Evaluation of Lung Lesions in Lambs with Respiratory Complex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Gard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Bueso-R\u00f3denas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2008.08.004","article-title":"Influence of Climatic Factors on the Development of Pneumonia in Lambs","volume":"80","author":"Lacasta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Small Rumin. 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