{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:19:59Z","timestamp":1778066399658,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on the welfare of pet guinea pigs and connections between their behaviour and husbandry practices is scarce. Through an online survey among 1181 German-speaking guinea pig caretakers, we investigated husbandry practices (including social composition, housing type, free roaming, enrichment, and feeding), human\u2013animal interactions, and guinea pig behaviour. Most participating caretakers seemed attentive to their animals\u2019 needs and welfare, as shown by the prevalence of self-built enclosures (42.8%) and fenced floor areas (21.1%), with various enrichment and furnishings, and mostly balanced nutrition. Husbandry practices that can negatively impact welfare, such as individual housing and no constant access to hay, were observed for 7.5% and 0.4% of the animals, respectively. Eating and resting next to conspecifics and locomotor play occurred several times per day in 87.6%, 48.1%, and 19.9% of animals, respectively. Biting, running up and down and bar chewing were rare (several times per day in 0.4%, 2.9%, and 0.7% of animals, respectively). We found significant associations of guinea pig behaviour with human\u2013animal interactions and housing conditions. For instance, affiliative behaviour and locomotor play and use of enrichment were more frequently reported in the case of more frequent positive human\u2013animal interactions and food enrichment. Our results provide additional knowledge to support consultations on behaviour and husbandry practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15081157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T06:53:46Z","timestamp":1744872826000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Welfare: Associations Between Husbandry Practices, Human\u2013Animal Interactions, and Animal Behaviour"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Elsbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8859-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Sommese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3565-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Waiblinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"K\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, Special Ambulance for Small Mammals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5491-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Arhant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis f\u00fcr Verhaltensmedizin Tierfairhalten, Gw\u00f6rth 2, 3073 Kasten, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2816-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Windschnurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8901","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65784-6","article-title":"Ancient DNA of Guinea Pigs (Cavia Spp.) Indicates a Probable New Center of Domestication and Pathways of Global Distribution","volume":"10","author":"Lord","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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