{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:15:34Z","timestamp":1760058934694,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Project Program of International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement","award":["IJRLD-KF202215","JBGS (2020)028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJRLD-KF202215","JBGS (2020)028"]}]},{"name":"Revitalization of Seed Industry (JBGS) in Jiangsu Province","award":["IJRLD-KF202215","JBGS (2020)028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJRLD-KF202215","JBGS (2020)028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SINEs are one type of the most frequently found DNA repetitive sequences in the eukaryotic genome. The polymorphism generated by SINE insertion may affect proximal host genes and even cause phenotypic variations in domestic animals. Glycine N-acyltransferase-like 3 (GLYATL3) is a member of the N-acyltransferase family which may play a role in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. Previous studies have identified short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) insertion sites in the 5\u2032UTR region of GLYATL3. This study investigated the effects of the 294 bp SINE insertion on GLYATL3 expression and phenotypic variation. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the distribution of GLYATL3-SINE-RIP in 15 pig breeds. SINE insertions were absent in hybrid pigs and present in all purebred pigs. Correlation analysis further revealed significant differences in SINE+\/+ and SINE\u2212\/\u2212 individuals when they reached 30 kg of body weight. In light of these findings, qPCR revealed that the SINE insertion significantly increased GLYATL3 expression in the cerebellum of Mi pigs. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the SINE insertion significantly enhanced the activity of the Oct4 promoter. Preliminary evidence indicates the SINE insertion may modulate an increase in the growth rate of pigs through transcriptional regulation of GLYATL3. As a new type marker, this SINE-insertion polymorphism may assist genetic selection to optimize growth traits in porcine breeding programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15101375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T11:25:53Z","timestamp":1746789953000},"page":"1375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of the 294 bp SINE Insertion in 5\u2032UTR of the GLYATL3 Gene on Gene Expression and Phenotypic Variation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8977-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suwei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7333-1001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6789-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Shoaib","family":"Moawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4029-1258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0488-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8521-2974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M062042","article-title":"Glycine N-acyltransferase-like 3 is responsible for long-chain N-acylglycine formation in N18TG2 cells","volume":"57","author":"Jeffries","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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