{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:16:36Z","timestamp":1760058996383,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF)","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001","RRF-2.3.1-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001","RRF-2.3.1-21"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery Fund","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001","RRF-2.3.1-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001","RRF-2.3.1-21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Generally, birds are less sensitive to pyrethrins and pyrethroids compared to mammals; however, suspected permethrin toxicosis was fatal in seven mountain quails (Oreortyx pictus) treated with a permethrin-containing powder bath. Signs started appearing 3 days after the bath was placed in their enclosure and were non-specific with reduced activity and ruffled feathers. Unusually, the characteristic signs of permethrin poisoning were not observed, and infective causes of the birds\u2019 clinical signs were ruled out. A histopathological evaluation, however, revealed the malfunctioning of the liver and kidneys; the liver appeared mottled and degenerated, while the kidneys were enlarged and marbled, showing signs of degeneration. Furthermore, characteristic changes were found in the hematological analysis. Specific therapy and antidotes to pyrethrin are not available; the treatment is only supportive, including hepatoprotective agents and vitamin therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15101428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T04:39:16Z","timestamp":1747283956000},"page":"1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Suspected Permethrin-Containing Powder Bath Poisoning in a Flock of Mountain Quail (Oreortyx pictus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8476-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"G\u00e1l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exotic Animal-, Wildlife-, Fish- and Honeybee Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5904-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Maros\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exotic Animal-, Wildlife-, Fish- and Honeybee Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3447-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00edra","family":"M\u00e1ndoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0069-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilla","family":"D\u00e9nes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"S\u00fcth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3552-6048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1niel","family":"Pleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8021-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Lehel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fishel, F.M. (2005). Pesticide Toxicity Profile: Synthetic Pyrethroid Pesticides, PI54, Agronomy Department, IFAS Extension, University of Florida.","DOI":"10.32473\/edis-pi091-2005"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1126\/science.168.3934.1000","article-title":"Nest parasitism, productivity, and clutch size in purple martins","volume":"168","author":"Moss","year":"1970","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2307\/1938676","article-title":"Ectoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in cliff swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota)","volume":"67","author":"Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.2307\/1938645","article-title":"Effects of parasitism by a haematophagous mite on reproduction in the barn swallow","volume":"71","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.06.016","article-title":"Consequences of nest reuse for parasite burden and female health and condition in blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus","volume":"73","author":"Merino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.10.010","article-title":"Corticosterone metabolites in blue tit and pied flycatcher droppings: Effects of brood size, ectoparasites and temperature","volume":"53","author":"Lobato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hormon. Behav."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2193\/2007-111","article-title":"Reducing tick burdens on chicks by treating breeding female grouse with permethrin","volume":"72","author":"Mougeot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01670","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1670","article-title":"Tri-trophic ecology of native parasitic nest flies of birds in Tobago","volume":"8","author":"Knutie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-12-307","article-title":"Prefledging mortality and the abundance of mosquito biting nestling barn owls (Tyto alba) in Florida, USA","volume":"55","author":"Efstathion","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.07.025","article-title":"Mitigation of two pyrethroid insecticides in a Mississippi Delta constructed wetland","volume":"157","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2023.100388","article-title":"Toxicological impacts of synthetic pyrethroids on non-target aquatic organisms: A review","volume":"12","author":"Ranatunga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200524020-00004","article-title":"Poisoning due to pyrethrins","volume":"24","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tox. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Krieger, R. (2010). Pyrethroid Chemistry and Metabolism. Hayes\u2019 Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Academic Press. [3rd ed.]. Chapter 76."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perveen, F. (2012). Pyrethroid insecticides: Use, environmental fate, and ecotoxicology. Insecticides\u2014Advances in Integrated Pest Management, InTech Open.","DOI":"10.5772\/2447"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ensley, S.M. (2018). Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids. Veterinary Toxicology, Academic Press. [3rd ed.]. Chapter 39.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811410-0.00039-8"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodo\u0219an, C., G\u00eerd, C.E., Ghica, M.V., Dinu-P\u00eervu, C.-E., Nistor, L., B\u0103rbuic\u0103, I.S., Marin, \u0218.-C., Mihalache, A., and Popa, L. (2023). Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Occurring Compounds and Their Synthetic Derivatives. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202311.0160.v1"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Campbell, P.J. (2012). Pyrethroids: From Chrysanthemum to Modern Industrial Insecticide, Springer."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.11.007","article-title":"First report of pyrethroid bioaccumulation in wild river fish: A case study in Iberian river basins (Spain)","volume":"75","author":"Corcellas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farag, M.R., Alagawany, M., Bilal, R.M., Gewida, A.G., Dhama, K., Abdel-Latif, H.M., Amer, M.S., Rivero-Perez, N., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., and Binnaser, Y.S. (2021). An overview on the potential hazards of pyrethroid insecticides in fish, with special emphasis on cypermethrin toxicity. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071880"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221012","article-title":"Toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids to fish","volume":"4","author":"Mauck","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920e929","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2512","article-title":"Urban and agricultural pesticide inputs to a critical habitat for the threatened delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus)","volume":"33","author":"Weston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marrs, T.C. (2012). Comparative metabolism and toxicology of pyrethroids in mammals. Mammalian Toxicology of Insecticides, RSC Publisher.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781849733007"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221e228","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.022343","article-title":"Vitro metabolism of pyrethroid pesticides by rat and human hepatic microsomes and cytochrome P450 isoforms","volume":"37","author":"Scollon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-3575(72)90034-X","article-title":"Toxicity of natural and synthetic pyrethrins to rats","volume":"2","author":"Verschoyle","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"coaa076","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaa076","article-title":"Sub-lethal effects of permethrin exposure on a passerine: Implications for managing ectoparasites in wild bird nests","volume":"8","author":"Bulgarella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conserv. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Mel\u00e9ndez, J., Rexrode, M., Olinger, C., Deluzio, J., Dole, T., and Loyd, M. (2006). Registration Eligibility Decision for Pyrethrins."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"13","article-title":"Pesticide acute toxicity reference values for birds","volume":"170","author":"Mineau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01449-7","article-title":"Differential effects of the pyrethroid Tetramethrin on tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant single sodium channels","volume":"712","author":"Song","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Conley, E.C., and Brammar, W.J. (1999). The Ion Channel Facts Book, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu110","article-title":"Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels as common mode of action for (mixture of) distinct classes of insecticides","volume":"141","author":"Meijer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety) (1990). Permethrin. Environmental Health Criteria 94, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00334635","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute pyrethroid poisoning","volume":"63","author":"He","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arc. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.3109\/00498259209049904","article-title":"The metabolism of cypermethrin in man differences in urinary metabolite profiles following oral and dermal administration","volume":"22","author":"Wollen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramawat, K.G., and M\u00e9rillon, J.M. (2013). Pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids: Use in veterinary medicine. Natural Products, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22144-6"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00569-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: Implications for cumulative risk assessment","volume":"171","author":"Soderlund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8850-0_4","article-title":"Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides","volume":"108","author":"Bradbury","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"NIH (National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information) (2024, August 29). ChemIDplus Data Source, Available online: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/substance\/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0052645531."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"NRCC (National Research Council Canada) (1986). Pyrethroids: Their Effects on Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Publication No. NRCC 24376 of the Environmental Secretariat."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4934-4_4","article-title":"Effects of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on non-target organisms","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Residue Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Tomlin, C.D.S. (2006). The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium, British Crop Production Council. [14th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Hayes, W.J. (1982). Pesticides Studied in Man, Williams and Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Jones, D.G. (1998). Interactions of Piperonyl Butoxide with Cytochrome P450. Piperonyl Butoxide: The Insecticide Synergist, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Jones, D.G. (1998). The Safety of Piperonyl Butoxide. Piperonyl Butoxide: The Insecticide Synergist, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Moretto, A. (1995). Piperonyl Butoxide. Joint FAO\/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Evaluations 1995. Pesticide Residues in Food\u20141995: Part II\u2014Toxicological and Environmental, World Health Organization. International Programme on Chemical Safety."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.4.726","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"41","author":"Barnard","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.798","article-title":"The relationship between the chemical composition of three essential oils and their insecticidal activity against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)","volume":"60","author":"Papachristos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pest. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00375","article-title":"Action of different monoterpenic compounds against Anisakis simplex s.l. L3 larvae","volume":"11","author":"Hierro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2009005000023","article-title":"In vitro larvicidal activity of geraniol and citronellal against Contracaecum sp (Nematoda: Anisakidae)","volume":"42","author":"Barros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2010.05.008","article-title":"Geraniol\u2014A review of a commercially important fragrance material","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Council Regulation (2025, May 12). Regulation (EU). No 528\/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products. Off. J. Eur. Union 2012, 167, 27.6.2012, L 167\/1-123. Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2012\/528\/oj."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-012-0052-0","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocks","volume":"15","author":"Roussan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(98)00065-2","article-title":"Hexon based PCRs combined with restriction enzyme analysis for rapid detection and differentiation of fowl adenoviruses and egg drop syndrome virus","volume":"73","author":"Raue","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00070-X","article-title":"A universal polymerase chain reaction for the detection of psittacine beak and feather disease virus","volume":"68","author":"Ypelaar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2024.01082","article-title":"Blood parameter examination in mountain quails (Oreortyx pictus Douglas, 1829) at the end of the breeding season","volume":"72","author":"Hoitsy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Gupta, R.C. (2017). Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Pyrethrins\/Pyrethroids. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]. Chapter 36."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y.-J., Liang, Y.-J., Yang, L., Long, D.-X., Wang, H.-P., and Wu, Y.-J. (2022). Long-term low-dose exposure of permethrin induces liver and kidney damage in rats. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-022-00586-2"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"2789","article-title":"Acetic acid alleviates the inflammatory response and liver injury in septic mice by increasing the expression of TRIM40","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/10\/1428\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:32:55Z","timestamp":1760031175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/10\/1428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15101428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15101428","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]}}}