{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:45:52Z","timestamp":1790628352498,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation","award":["PID2022-142230NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142230NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation","award":["PREP2022-000570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREP2022-000570"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral contract FPI","award":["PID2022-142230NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142230NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral contract FPI","award":["PREP2022-000570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREP2022-000570"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2022-142230NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142230NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PREP2022-000570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREP2022-000570"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum has a zoonotic transmission cycle involving an increasing number of mammalian hosts, forming a cooperative network. The sand fly feeding on livestock is evidenced, but clinical confirmation regarding their infection is limited. We aimed to evaluate Leishmania seroprevalence in livestock to assess its impact on leishmaniasis epidemiology in an endemic area located in the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional serological study screened livestock exposure to L. infantum and risk factors in Southern Spain. A total of 864 serum samples of clinically healthy sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were examined by an indirect fluorescence antibody test, using a 1\/80 cut-off titre to minimize cross-reactions. Global seroprevalence was 10.8%: 21.6% cattle, 15.4% sheep, 7.3% goats, and 0.6% pigs. Statistically significant differences in positive detection were observed among species (p &lt; 0.001) and natural regions (p &lt; 0.001). High positive reactions in cattle, goats, and sheep suggest livestock exposure to Leishmania spp. and potential asymptomatic infection. Livestock presence in biotopes could promote a dilution effect, reducing human leishmaniasis incidence. Further investigation is needed to confirm livestock roles in leishmaniasis maintenance and transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15111511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T08:49:57Z","timestamp":1747903797000},"page":"1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquina","family":"Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Trujillos-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanidad Animal, Agencia de Gesti\u00f3n Agraria y Pesquera, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, 18230 Atarfe, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2502-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Torres-Llamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6201-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoriano","family":"D\u00edaz-S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4399-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Morillas-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-De Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca L.","family":"de Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanidad Animal, Agencia de Gesti\u00f3n Agraria y Pesquera, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, 18230 Atarfe, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanidad Animal, Agencia de Gesti\u00f3n Agraria y Pesquera, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, 18230 Atarfe, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8414-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Morales-Yuste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13139","article-title":"Wild rabbits are Leishmania infantum reservoirs in southeastern Spain","volume":"71","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.10.005","article-title":"Seasonal phenology, host-blood feeding preferences and natural Leishmania infection of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera, Psychodidae) in a high-endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis in Rome province, Italy","volume":"105","author":"Rossi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3406-3","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum and identification of blood meals in Phlebotomus perniciosus from a focus of human leishmaniasis in Madrid, Spain","volume":"112","author":"Iriso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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