{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:18:51Z","timestamp":1760059131639,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trace elements are widely distributed in the environment and are considered essential when their deficiency leads to impaired biological function. This study aimed to quantify concentrations of two essential trace elements\u2014copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)\u2014in the tissues of three toothed whale (Odontoceti) species: bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus), striped (Stenella coeruleoalba), and Risso\u2019s dolphins (Grampus griseus) found deceased along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea between 1995 and 2013. A total of 190 individuals were analyzed, comprising 159 bottlenose, 25 striped, and 6 Risso\u2019s dolphins. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were determined in liver, muscle, kidney, skin, lung, spleen, and fat tissues using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The highest Cu concentrations were observed in the liver and kidneys of bottlenose dolphins, followed by striped and Risso\u2019s dolphins. Zn concentrations were the highest in the skin of bottlenose and striped dolphins, whereas the liver exhibited the highest levels in Risso\u2019s dolphins. In 14 bottlenose and 2 striped dolphins, Cu and Zn concentrations in liver tissue exceeded critical thresholds typically regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. Regression analysis indicated significant relationships between element concentrations, and both body length and body mass. In addition, trace element concentrations were positively correlated across individuals within the same tissue type, as well as among different tissues within the same individual. Overall, Cu and Zn concentrations exhibited a declining trend over the studied period across all tissue types. These findings provide important baseline data for future ecotoxicological investigations and contribute to conservation strategies for cetacean populations inhabiting the Adriatic Sea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15111535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T12:24:18Z","timestamp":1748003058000},"page":"1535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Essential Trace Elements in Three Species of Dolphins Stranded in the Croatian Part of the Adriatic Sea from 1995 to 2013"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3071-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"\u0110oki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-5367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Biland\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Sedak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomislav","family":"Bolan\u010da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Maruli\u0107a 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7232-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Gomer\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-0992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"\u0110uras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Beni\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mastitis and Raw Milk Quality, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5259.223","article-title":"A History of Global Metal Pollution","volume":"272","author":"Nriagu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Heavy Metals in Marine Mammals","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Vos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology of Marine Mammals"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"235","article-title":"Overview of heavy metals and aquatic environment with notes on their recovery","volume":"4","author":"Roy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecoscan"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(01)00442-X","article-title":"Elements in Environmental and Occupational Medicine","volume":"778","author":"Apostoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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