{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T04:25:42Z","timestamp":1783225542048,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2023YFH0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFH0046"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["HS2022003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HS2022003"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University","award":["2023YFH0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFH0046"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University","award":["HS2022003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HS2022003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum amyloid A (SAA) are key pro-inflammatory mediators in the regulation of immune responses. The hypothesis posits that their expression varies with the progression of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) infection and may serve as predictors of disease outcome. To elucidate their spatiotemporal dynamics, the full-length CDS of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and SAA in Pelteobagrus vachelli were cloned, and then their mRNA levels were tracked from infection onset (day 0) to resolution (day 40) or mortality in seven tissues. Key findings revealed a surge in IL-1\u03b2 expression in the kidney and SAA expression in the spleen at 5 days post-infection (dpi), coinciding with no visible symptoms. Significant SAA elevation in the head kidney was observed at 10 dpi, preceding the emergence of white spots on the skin. This was followed by gill-specific SAA downregulation at 20 dpi, when 40% of fish presented with white spots. Complete clinical resolution by 40 dpi correlated with reduced hepatic SAA and branchial IL-1\u03b2 levels. Notably, the concurrent upregulation of all three mediators occurred exclusively in the skin of moribund individuals. These findings identify potential biomarkers for tracking host inflammatory responses in ichthyophthiriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15111577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T08:12:47Z","timestamp":1748419967000},"page":"1577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in Pelteobagrus vachelli During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and SAA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2880-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, NeiJiang 641000, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, NeiJiang 641000, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Nei Jiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6618-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang 641000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)59003-1","article-title":"Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet and ichthyophthiriosis in freshwater teleosts","volume":"59","author":"Matthews","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. 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