{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:46:21Z","timestamp":1772261181721,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010751","name":"The National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development, FONDECYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3190649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3190649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine chronic enteropathy (CE) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent digestive symptoms lasting more than three weeks. It shares similarities with human inflammatory bowel disease but its immunopathogenesis remains poorly characterized in dogs. The aim of this study was to characterize the local and systemic immune profile of dogs with CE by assessing cytokine and chemokine expression in serum and intestinal tissue, as well as the mRNA expression of immune-related receptors such as integrins, chemokine receptors, and cytokines. Duodenal biopsies and blood samples were collected from five dogs diagnosed with a CE and five healthy controls. Serum concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were determined by multiplex ELISA, and mRNA expression in the intestinal mucosa was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Dogs with a CE showed increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3, and increased concentrations of chemokines such as CXCL10 and CCL2 in both serum and tissue samples. Increased mRNA expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 and the adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1 were also observed in intestinal samples. These findings provide new insights into the immune response involved in CE and may aid the development of future diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for canine chronic enteropathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15121710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T03:54:18Z","timestamp":1749527658000},"page":"1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preliminary Study of CCR9 and MAdCAM-1 Upregulation and Immune Imbalance in Canine Chronic Enteropathy: Findings Based on Histopathological Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5413-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macarena","family":"Pino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8200010, Chile"},{"name":"Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (LaCIV), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8415-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galia","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (LaCIV), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroll","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"},{"name":"Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3551-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500994, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9672-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8200010, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-4655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0266-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda e Ingenier\u00eda Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile"},{"name":"ESPA Diagn\u00f3stico Ltd.a., Santiago 7500961, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-1218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Siel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8200010, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500994, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Chronic Enteropathy in Canines: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Dandrieux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. 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