{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:13:07Z","timestamp":1789269187752,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies performed on the European eel Anguilla anguilla showed changes in the morphology and physiology of several tissues after exposure to environmental cocaine concentrations. To better understand the model through which cocaine produced its effects on these tissues, we investigated whether there were alterations in the expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R). Indeed, the endocannabinoid system, and CB1R, regulate neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, embryonic development, reproduction, and the activity of the gastrointestinal system. CB1R has been detected in nervous and peripheral tissues in mammals, and orthologues of the mammalian CB1R are found throughout vertebrates including chicken, turtle, frog, and fish. Therefore, samples of gut, kidney, ovary, muscle, liver, skin, and gills from cocaine-exposed and non-exposed eels were processed for routine histology. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate the immunolocalization of the CB1R. Our results showed for the first time (1) the presence of CB1R in the peripheral tissues of the eel, and (2) statistically significant differences in the localization of CB1R in the gut, kidney, ovary, muscle, and liver of the eels exposed to cocaine, compared to controls. These results demonstrate the involvement of CB1R in cocaine effects and suggest its potential role as a biomarker of tissue alteration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15121734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T06:42:48Z","timestamp":1749710568000},"page":"1734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Changes of CB1 Receptor Expression in Tissues of Cocaine-Exposed Eels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5744-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Riccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Chianese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1156-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Mileo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Balsamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Sciarrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via F. de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Gatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoSwab Co., 166 Geary St, 15th Floor, Suite 33, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"CIRAM-Interdepartmental Research Centre \u201cEnvironment\u201d, University of Naples Federico II, Via Tarsia 31, 80134 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4617-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"De Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9044-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Capaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.05.086","article-title":"Illicit drugs and the environment\u2014A review","volume":"463\u2013464","author":"Pal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. 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