{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T21:34:51Z","timestamp":1784756091863,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CCPA GROUPE, Z.A. du Bois de Teillay, 35150 Janz\u00e9, France","award":["CER-2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CER-2022-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A Capsicum spp.-based phytogenic solution (PHY) improved the performance and thermal tolerance of heat-stressed (HS) growing pigs. Two trials were conducted to further evaluate the HS pig response to supplemental PHY. Trial 1: The effects on the serum concentrations of amino acids (AAs) and the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum and ileum were assessed with 42 pigs (Landrace-Hampshire-Duroc; 27.0 \u00b1 4.5 kg BW). There were three treatments (14 replicates): pigs under thermoneutral (TN) conditions fed control diet (TN-C); and HS pigs fed control diet without (HS-C) or with PHY (HS-PHY). Trial 2: Two-period digestion trial with eight ileal-cannulated pigs to analyze apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AAs. Period 1: All TN pigs, fed the control (TN-C) or PHY-supplemented (TN-PHY) diet. Period 2: All HS pigs, fed the same diet as in period 1 (HS-C and HS-PHY). The control diet was based on wheat\u2013soybean meal. In the jejunum, HS-C pigs had reduced occludin gene expression (p &lt; 0.01) compared to TN-C pigs. HS-PHY pigs increased claudin-2 and tight-junction-protein-1 gene expression compared to HS-C (p &lt; 0.05). In the ileum, HS-C and HS-PHY pigs had reduced occludin gene expression (p &lt; 0.01). The serum concentrations of AAs decreased in HS-C compared to TN-C pigs (p &lt; 0.05); except for arginine and isoleucine, HS-PHY pigs partially recovered serum AA levels. HS tended to reduce (p &lt; 0.10; lysine and methionine) and reduced (p &lt; 0.05) the AID of essential AAs. PHY did not mitigate the HS-associated reduced AA digestibility. In conclusion, these results support the concept that a phytogenic solution improves intestinal integrity and partially restores the post-absorption metabolism of amino acids, independent of the amino acid digestibility of heat-stressed pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15121757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T04:06:24Z","timestamp":1750046784000},"page":"1757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of a Capsaicin-Based Phytogenic Solution on Intestinal Permeability, Serum Amino Acid Concentrations, and Digestibility in Heat-Stressed Growing Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3713-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4842-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Sakkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5018-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7376-4074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Avelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Quilichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCPA Group, Z.A. du Bois de Teillay, 35150 Janz\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6721-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8407","article-title":"Short-Term Exposure to Heat Stress Attenuates Appetite and Intestinal Integrity in Growing Pigs1","volume":"92","author":"Pearce","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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