{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T13:38:20Z","timestamp":1782394700248,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Subtle locomotor asymmetries are common in horses and may go unnoticed during routine pre-race clinical inspections, particularly when based solely on subjective evaluation. This study aimed to describe vertical head and pelvic movement asymmetries in racehorses that passed official pre-race inspections at a traditional racing event. Twenty-four horses were analysed using a markerless AI-based gait analysis system while trotting in-hand and during lungeing in both directions. Asymmetry parameters (HDmin, HDmax, PDmin, and PDmax) were extracted from video recordings, with values \u22650.5 considered clinically relevant. Vertical asymmetries were detected in 71% of horses during straight-line evaluation and in 79% during at least one lungeing direction. Some horses showed relevant asymmetries only under specific movement conditions, underscoring the complementary role of straight-line and lungeing assessments in comprehensive gait evaluation. These results suggest that objective gait analysis could enhance pre-race veterinary assessments, especially in traditional racing, where horses are subjected to significant biomechanical stress, including variable surface properties and repetitive directional loading. In such complex and dynamic environments, relying solely on visual assessment may result in the underdiagnosis of subtle locomotor alterations. The AI-based tools offer potential to improve the detection of subtle irregularities and support evidence-based decisions in performance horse management. Further investigations are warranted to validate the clinical relevance of currently adopted asymmetry thresholds, refine their diagnostic value, and support their integration into standardized pre-race evaluation protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15121797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T09:36:00Z","timestamp":1750239360000},"page":"1797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Objective Evaluation of Gait Asymmetries in Traditional Racehorses During Pre-Race Inspection: Application of a Markerless AI System in Straight-Line and Lungeing Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1814-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Meistro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Virginia","family":"Ralletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4997-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Rinnovati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0936-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Spadari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baxter, G.M. 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