{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:31:53Z","timestamp":1785421913503,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["2240023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2240023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Across the globe, many animals with disabilities live in zoos and aquariums, yet these institutions often face difficult questions about how to share those stories with the public in a way that raises awareness and minimizes concern about the animals\u2019 well-being. This study explored whether anthropomorphic narrative signage could help visitors form meaningful emotional connections with these animals and, in doing so, encourage greater understanding and support for people with disabilities. Drawing on ideas from contact and transfer theories, we conducted observational research in zoo settings, comparing visitor reactions to no signage, detailed signage, and simple signage. We found that simple signage resulted in fewer negative comments, fewer questions about the animal\u2019s health, and less frustration directed at the organization. In a related survey experiment, participants who saw a photo and brief story about an animal with a disability were more likely to express empathy and hold more positive views toward both animals and people with disabilities. These findings highlight the power of accessible messaging in informal learning spaces to reduce stigma and promote inclusion. The project was led by a diverse, interdisciplinary team of zoo professionals and disability scholars, most of whom bring personal experience with physical or cognitive disabilities to the work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15131861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T06:49:38Z","timestamp":1750747778000},"page":"1861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Increasing Positive Perception of Disability Through Depictions of Animals with Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cameron","family":"Whitley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1689-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Burnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA 98103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Em","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denny","family":"Dulaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Vilas Zoo, Madison, WI 53715, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0505-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA 98103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Cordova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Vilas Zoo, Madison, WI 53715, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hindes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Ankoudinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooklyn","family":"Wehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corin","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo Montana, Billings, MT 59106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tut","family":"Fuentevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grizzly & Wolf Discovery Center, Yellowstone, MT 59758, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Allessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Como Park Zoo and Conservatory, St. Paul, MN 55103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tess","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Zoo Conservation Alliance, Denver, CO 80205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbus Zoo & Aquarium, Columbus, OH 43065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Hanenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK 99664, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Stier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah\u2019s Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"More, M. 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