{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:56:27Z","timestamp":1792018587093,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea","award":["MABIK 2025M00600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MABIK 2025M00600"]}]},{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00342230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00342230"]}]},{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea","award":["20250527000003426624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250527000003426624"]}]},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["MABIK 2025M00600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MABIK 2025M00600"]}]},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["RS-2024-00342230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00342230"]}]},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["20250527000003426624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250527000003426624"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Gwangju Metropolitan Government","award":["MABIK 2025M00600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MABIK 2025M00600"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Gwangju Metropolitan Government","award":["RS-2024-00342230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00342230"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Gwangju Metropolitan Government","award":["20250527000003426624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250527000003426624"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging RNA viruses such as influenza A virus (IAV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV) continue to pose major challenges to animal and public health due to their high mutation rates, wide host ranges, and immune evasion strategies. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of a marine bacterial extract derived from Parerythrobacter sp. M20A3S10 against IAV (H1N1; H3N2), influenza B virus (IBV), ZIKV, and DENV2. The extract demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral effects with favorable selectivity indices across multiple host-derived epithelial cell lines. Notably, post-infection treatment significantly suppressed viral replication, suggesting a host-modulating or replication-inhibiting mechanism. While the extract\u2019s active components have yet to be identified, bacteria from the Erythrobacteraceae family are known producers of bioactive metabolites with potential antiviral properties. These findings provide preliminary insight into the potential of marine-derived bacterial compounds in veterinary antiviral development and highlight the need for further characterization and in vivo validation. This work contributes to the understanding of virus\u2013host interactions and the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the pathogenesis and immune modulation of veterinary RNA viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15142125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T10:10:38Z","timestamp":1752833438000},"page":"2125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Therapeutic Use of Parerythrobacter sp. M20A3S10, a Marine Bacterium, Targeting Influenza Viruses and Flaviviruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4190-493X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeong-Seo","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8407-1704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Young","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeollanamdo Veterinary Service Laboratory, Gangjin 59213, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0943-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Jeong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5545-4464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1029-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Do","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4993-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Bin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2834-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7163-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Bin","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.05.009","article-title":"Influenza Virus Evolution, Host Adaptation, and Pandemic Formation","volume":"7","author":"Taubenberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-022-01935-3","article-title":"Alternative antiviral approaches to combat influenza A virus","volume":"59","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00603-0","article-title":"The evolution and future of influenza pandemic preparedness","volume":"53","author":"Harrington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. 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