{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:33:49Z","timestamp":1768790029576,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["MED UIDB\/05183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED UIDB\/05183"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UI\/BD\/150834\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150834\/2021"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["FPU21\/00956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU21\/00956"]}]},{"name":"F.G.S.\u2019s PhD grant","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"F.G.S.\u2019s PhD grant","award":["MED UIDB\/05183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED UIDB\/05183"]}]},{"name":"F.G.S.\u2019s PhD grant","award":["UI\/BD\/150834\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150834\/2021"]}]},{"name":"F.G.S.\u2019s PhD grant","award":["FPU21\/00956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU21\/00956"]}]},{"name":"Formaci\u00f3n de Profesorado Universitario","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Formaci\u00f3n de Profesorado Universitario","award":["MED UIDB\/05183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED UIDB\/05183"]}]},{"name":"Formaci\u00f3n de Profesorado Universitario","award":["UI\/BD\/150834\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150834\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Formaci\u00f3n de Profesorado Universitario","award":["FPU21\/00956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU21\/00956"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is vital for newborn calf health and is typically assessed through blood sampling to measure serum or plasma IgG or total protein levels. Saliva offers a less invasive alternative. This study evaluated the potential of saliva for assessing TPI. Saliva and serum samples were collected from 20 calves at birth and on days 1, 2, and 7 of life to measure IgG, IgA, IgM, and total protein concentrations. Colostrum fed to the calves was also analyzed for gross composition and immunoglobulin content. Colostrum intake and composition were associated with saliva IgG (R2 = 0.48; p = 0.019), saliva IgM (R2 = 0.73; p = 0.02), and saliva total protein (R2 = 0.41; p = 0.043). Serum IgG and IgA levels were predicted by saliva IgG (p &lt; 0.001; R2 = 0.33) and IgA (p &lt; 0.001; R2 = 0.13), respectively, though predictive accuracy varied by calf age (IgG: p &lt; 0.001; R2 = 0.40; IgA: p &lt; 0.001; R2 = 0.91). In conclusion, the results suggest that both saliva IgG and IgA concentrations could be used to predict IgG and IgA serum concentrations. Nevertheless, further studies are still needed to clarify the best time for sample collection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15152224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T14:50:03Z","timestamp":1753714203000},"page":"2224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Saliva Immunoglobulin Concentrations Are Associated with Colostrum Intake and with Serum Concentrations in Newborn Calves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre & Al4AnimalS, Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo\u2014Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147, Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1644-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Matem\u00e1tica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4118-3283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-2749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim L.","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre & Al4AnimalS, Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo\u2014Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147, Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana M.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Monta\u00f1a Cardones, s\/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-0412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8848-0384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7045-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Severiano R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre & Al4AnimalS, Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9430-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2729-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo E.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Monta\u00f1a Cardones, s\/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.07.005","article-title":"Colostrum Management for Dairy Calves","volume":"35","author":"Godden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. 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