{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:21Z","timestamp":1760060121706,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2015-67016-23172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-67016-23172"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to assess surgical duration and surgical and post-operative complications associated with Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and lung biopsy in horses with severe Equine Pasture Asthma (EPA) and paired control horses. Twelve horses (6 EPA-affected, 6 control) were sex, age and breed matched. Twenty-four thoracic surgeries were performed. Surgery of each matched pair (EPA-affected and healthy) was performed during asthma exacerbation (summer) and remission (winter). Surgical times were shorter with uncomplicated thoracoscopy (85 min) and significantly longer (p &lt; 0.001) when intra-operative complications necessitated conversion to thoracotomy (156 min). The overall surgical time of EPA-affected horses during asthma exacerbation was significantly longer than control horses at any time point, predicted mean difference of 78 min (p &lt; 0.05). When comparing EPA-affected horses to themselves during asthma exacerbation and remission, surgical times were significantly longer (p &lt; 0.01) with a predicted mean difference of 98 min; this effect of seasonality did not occur amongst control horses. Intra-operative surgical complications (6\/24) were evenly divided between EPA and control horses, however, only severe EPA horses in exacerbation were noted to have lung hyperinflation. Post-operative complications: fever, colic, hemothorax, pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, surgical site infection, and\/or laminitis occurred in 13\/24 surgical procedures (54%). No fatalities resulted from these procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15152276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T15:30:06Z","timestamp":1754321406000},"page":"2276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgical Assessment and Post-Operative Complications Following Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) of Horses with Severe Equine Pasture Asthma During Asthma Exacerbation and Remission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Caitlin J.","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathleen A.","family":"Mochal-King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison L.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn E.","family":"Bowser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Studies, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8607-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8849-660X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Isaac","family":"Jumper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0549-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Claude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyprianna E.","family":"Swiderski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02071.x","article-title":"Endoscopic examination of the equine thorax","volume":"17","author":"Mackey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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