{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:23:34Z","timestamp":1777505014792,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific grant agency of Ministry of Education, Research, Development, and Youth of the Slovak Republic","award":["1\/0698\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0698\/24"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences","award":["1\/0698\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0698\/24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of humic substances on growth performance, excretion, and the digestive organs was studied in pheasant chickens. Three hundred 1-day-old pheasant chicks were assigned to two equal groups. Chicks in the experimental group were fed diets supplemented with humic substances (5 g\/kg). Chickens in the experimental group reached significantly higher average daily weight gains (p \u02c2 0.05) in the second phase of rearing (29\u201349 d) at a significantly better feed conversion ratio (p \u02c2 0.05). The supplementation of humic substances led to a significant increase in the average body weight of pheasants at the end of the experiment (p \u02c2 0.05), and to a significant increase in average daily weight gains for the entire monitored period (p \u02c2 0.05). In the experimental group, significantly higher relative weights of the gizzard (p \u02c2 0.05), small intestine (p \u02c2 0.05), and jejunum (p \u02c2 0.05), along with a significantly larger relative length of the duodenum (p \u02c2 0.05), were recorded. A significantly higher concentration of dry matter in the droppings of pheasants was found in the experimental group than in the control group (p \u02c2 0.05). According to our results, feeding humic substances had the most beneficial effect on pheasant growth performance during the growing phase. Humic substances can also have a positive effect on the microclimate within the breeding facility. Reductions in the water content of droppings contribute to a reduction in the humidity of the litter, thus limiting the activity of nitrogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15152321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T12:15:40Z","timestamp":1754568940000},"page":"2321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Use of Humic Substances as an Additive to Feed Mixtures in Pheasant Breeding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alena","family":"Hre\u0161ko \u0160amudovsk\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav","family":"Hre\u0161ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5253-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iveta","family":"Maska\u013eov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alica","family":"Tvrd\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7025-1946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Buj\u0148\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effect of age and sex of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.) on selected physical properties and chemical composition of meat","volume":"7","author":"Adamski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. 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