{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:09:48Z","timestamp":1788815388916,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects","award":["20213BCJ22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20213BCJ22005"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects","award":["20223BBF61018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20223BBF61018"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects","award":["GJJ210406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ210406"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects","award":["JXAFRP-20-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXAFRP-20-09"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["20213BCJ22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20213BCJ22005"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["20223BBF61018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20223BBF61018"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["GJJ210406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ210406"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["JXAFRP-20-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXAFRP-20-09"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["20213BCJ22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20213BCJ22005"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["20223BBF61018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20223BBF61018"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["GJJ210406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ210406"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["JXAFRP-20-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXAFRP-20-09"]}]},{"name":"Research and Demonstration of Regional Feed Resources Utilizing in Fragrance pig","award":["20213BCJ22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20213BCJ22005"]}]},{"name":"Research and Demonstration of Regional Feed Resources Utilizing in Fragrance pig","award":["20223BBF61018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20223BBF61018"]}]},{"name":"Research and Demonstration of Regional Feed Resources Utilizing in Fragrance pig","award":["GJJ210406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ210406"]}]},{"name":"Research and Demonstration of Regional Feed Resources Utilizing in Fragrance pig","award":["JXAFRP-20-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXAFRP-20-09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of dietary inclusion of citrus pomace on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, and colonic microbiota in Tibetan pigs in a 90-day feeding trial. Eighty Tibetan pigs (75-day-age, 16.62 \u00b1 1.50 kg) were divided into four dietary treatment groups, each containing four replicates with five pigs per replicate. The experimental diets comprised a control diet alongside three diets incorporating 5%, 10%, or 15% citrus pomace, respectively. The results showed that the feed conversion ratio of pigs was lower in the 5% citrus pomace group compared to the other three treatment groups. Compared to the control group, dietary inclusion of 5% citrus pomace increased villus height in the duodenum and jejunum of pigs. Additionally, it elevated \u03b2-amylase activity in the duodenum while increasing sucrase activity in the jejunum. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of 5% citrus pomace enhanced lipase activity in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of pigs compared to the control group. It also significantly increased catalase activity in the serum of pigs. However, dietary inclusion of 5% citrus pomace decreased the abundances of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus while increasing the abundances of Streptococcaceae, Turicibacteraceae, Streptococcus, and Turicibacter in the colonic digesta of pigs. Collectively, long-term dietary inclusion with 5% citrus pomace reduced the feed conversion ratio, improved intestinal morphology, enhanced digestive enzyme activity in the small intestine, and elevated serum antioxidant status, while exerting complex effects on colonic microbiota in Tibetan pigs. Future research should prioritize in vitro fermentation to develop fermented citrus pomace as a feed ingredient for pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15162348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T09:59:13Z","timestamp":1754906353000},"page":"2348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Long-Term Dietary Inclusion of Citrus Pomace on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Status, and Colonic Microbiota in Tibetan Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-Quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"},{"name":"Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haopeng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-Quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"},{"name":"Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guosheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5037-3479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-Quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-Quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, K., Qing, Y., Yu, Q., Tang, X., Chen, G., Fang, R., and Liu, H. 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