{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:54:30Z","timestamp":1791568470791,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Hatch Research Fund awarded to R.K. Selvaraj","award":["58-6040-8-034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6040-8-034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated zinc glycinate (ZG) on necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens through two in vivo experiments and one in vitro experiment. In vivo, ZG was supplemented (study 1: 40\u2013120 mg\/kg; study 2: 100\u2013160 mg\/kg). In total, 192 (exp. 1) and 240 Cobb male birds (exp. 2) (n = 6) were studied for 28 days. ZG at 120 mg\/kg significantly improved BWG by day 28 (p &lt; 0.05), while 140 mg\/kg reduced FCR (p &lt; 0.05). Lesions were significantly reduced by 120 mg\/kg (p &lt; 0.01), and mortality was lowered by 80 mg\/kg (study 1, p &lt; 0.05) and 120 mg\/kg (study 2, p &lt; 0.01). ZG at 160 mg\/kg increased IFN-\u03b3 expression in the spleen (p &lt; 0.01), and 140 mg\/kg decreased Zn\/Cu SOD1 in the cecal tonsils (p &lt; 0.05). In vitro, zinc (10\u20131000 \u00b5M) enhanced intestinal cell viability under Clostridium perfringens challenge. Cytotoxicity in HD-11 cells decreased significantly at concentrations \u2265100 \u00b5M after 12 h (p &lt; 0.001) and \u226510 \u00b5M after 24 h (p &lt; 0.001), with the lowest levels observed at 100 \u00b5M (p &lt; 0.001). We recommend increasing zinc to 120 mg\/kg as ZG in poultry feed against NE infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15162373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T09:43:01Z","timestamp":1755078181000},"page":"2373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Zinc Glycinate Alleviates Necrotic Enteritis Infection in Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1236-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theros T.","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2627-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandi A.","family":"Sparling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh K.","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2307\/1589700","article-title":"Role of coccidia in the occurrence of necrotic enteritis of chickens","volume":"24","year":"1980","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfy033","article-title":"Comparison of multiple methods for induction of necrotic enteritis in broilers. 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