{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:49:27Z","timestamp":1792212567522,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation on performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, gut morphology, fecal microbiota, and bone morphology in Lohmann Brown laying hens aged 44 weeks over a 16-week period. Ninety-six hens were randomly divided into control and probiotic groups (n = 48 each). The probiotic group received probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus KUEN 1607 and Pediococcus acidilactici KUEN 1608 via drinking water at 0.5%. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell strength and thickness, and albumen quality (p &lt; 0.001) and reduced the incidence of cracked and shell-less eggs (p &lt; 0.05). Yolk and serum cholesterol levels decreased (p &lt; 0.001), and antioxidant parameters improved, along with elevated serum IgG (p &lt; 0.001). Histological analysis showed an increased ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p &lt; 0.001) in the jejunum, indicating enhanced intestinal health. Fecal samples revealed increased Lactobacillus spp. and reduced coliform counts (p &lt; 0.001), suggesting improved gut microbiota balance. While bone volume and surface area showed no significant difference, 3D geometric morphometric analysis identified subtle shape changes in long bones, especially the femur and tibiotarsus. These findings demonstrate that the selected probiotic combination supports nutrient utilization, egg quality, gut integrity, immune status, and skeletal health, offering a sustainable strategy to enhance productivity and welfare in laying hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15162408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T07:53:12Z","timestamp":1755503592000},"page":"2408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comprehensive Evaluation of Probiotic Effects on Laying Hen Physiology: From Performance to Bone and Gut Morphology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Ebru","family":"Onba\u015f\u0131lar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8640-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakine","family":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Science Association, 06420 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caner","family":"Bak\u0131c\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9669-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bar\u0131\u015f","family":"Batur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"The Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3661-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeliz Kaya","family":"Kartal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2580-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozan","family":"Ahlat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4328-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130hsan Berat","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7l\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzan","family":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sel\u00e7uk University, 42003 Konya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shehata, A.A., Yal\u00e7\u0131n, S., Latorre, J.D., Basiouni, S., Attia, Y.A., El-Wahab, A.A., Visscher, C., El-Seedi, H.R., Huber, C., and Hafez, H.M. 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