{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:38:19Z","timestamp":1760060299793,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Funds of The Natural Science Foundation Project of Hunan Province","award":["2025JJ50141","2022RC3060","24A0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ50141","2022RC3060","24A0044"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2025JJ50141","2022RC3060","24A0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ50141","2022RC3060","24A0044"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Department of Education key project","award":["2025JJ50141","2022RC3060","24A0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ50141","2022RC3060","24A0044"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ileum serves as the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption in the intestine, with villus height representing a critical indicator of intestinal absorptive capacity. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying ileal villus development, we conducted a feeding trial using crossbred pigs (Duroc \u00d7 Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire) with an initial body weight of 27.74 \u00b1 0.28 kg, stratifying them into high-villus and low-villus groups based on ileal villus height (n = 4). The results revealed 849 differentially RNA-edited genes (REGs) between the two groups, including 472 hyper-edited genes in the low-villus group and 377 in the high-villus group. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these REGs were significantly enriched in inflammation-related pathways, particularly the TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway, with TNF pathway genes exhibiting notably higher editing levels in the high-villus group. Additionally, 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, comprising 22 upregulated in the low-villus group and 24 in the high-villus group, which were similarly enriched in TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. Integrated quadrant analysis of the RNA editing and transcriptomic profiles demonstrated that pro-inflammatory genes CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine 10), CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2), CREB3L2 (CAMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like 2), and PIK3R1 (Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1) were highly expressed in the low-villus group but exhibited significantly lower RNA editing levels compared to the high-villus group. Furthermore, the expression of the inflammation-suppressive RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 1) showed correlation with villus height (R = 0.81, p &lt; 0.05). Collectively, our findings indicate that RNA editing dynamics influence the variation in ileal villus height within inflammation-associated pathways, particularly the TNF signaling pathway. Enhanced RNA editing of this pathway may mitigate intestinal inflammation and promote healthy ileal villus developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15162419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T13:28:22Z","timestamp":1755523702000},"page":"2419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["APOBEC1-Dependent RNA Eiting of TNF Signaling Orchestrates Ileal Villus Morphogenesis in Pigs: Integrative Transcriptomic and Editomic Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wangchang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yancan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huansheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4024-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.03.009","article-title":"Imbalanced dietary methionine-to-sulfur amino acid ratio can affect amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of piglets","volume":"6","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. 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