{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:48:44Z","timestamp":1784544524568,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2025 Central Government Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project \u201cResearch on the Mechanisms of Horse Breeding and Regulation of Athletic Performance\u201d","award":["ZYYD2025JD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYD2025JD02"]}]},{"name":"2025 Central Government Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project \u201cResearch on the Mechanisms of Horse Breeding and Regulation of Athletic Performance\u201d","award":["2022A02013-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A02013-1"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianchi Talent Introduction Program (Young Doctor Program) \u201cSingle-Cell Transcriptome and Spatial Transcriptome Sequencing of Ovarian Development Mechanisms and Validation in Kazakh Horses of Different Ages\u201d","award":["ZYYD2025JD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYD2025JD02"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianchi Talent Introduction Program (Young Doctor Program) \u201cSingle-Cell Transcriptome and Spatial Transcriptome Sequencing of Ovarian Development Mechanisms and Validation in Kazakh Horses of Different Ages\u201d","award":["2022A02013-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A02013-1"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Major Science and Technology Special Project","award":["ZYYD2025JD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYD2025JD02"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Major Science and Technology Special Project","award":["2022A02013-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A02013-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Kazakh horse, one of China\u2019s indigenous primitive breeds, is renowned for its remarkable adaptability and distinctive physiological traits. The ovary is a vital reproductive organ in female animals, responsible for oocyte production and hormone secretion. However, limited research has been conducted on gene expression profiles in the ovarian tissue of equine species. To address this gap, the present study performed transcriptomic sequencing on ovarian tissues from 12 Kazakh horses in different physiological states. A total of 979 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, including 619 upregulated and 360 downregulated genes. Among these, key genes such as COL1A1, LHCGR, KISS1, NTRK2, COL1A2, and THBS4 were identified as differentially expressed. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that 374 of these genes were primarily involved in ovarian steroidogenesis, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interactions among 292 enriched pathways. This study provides a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of equine ovarian tissue, offering in-depth insights into differential gene expression and signal pathways associated with ovarian development in Kazakh horses, providing theoretical foundations and referential data for future research in equine ovarian development and reproductive studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15162436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:18:14Z","timestamp":1755695894000},"page":"2436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transcriptome Sequencing and Differential Analysis of Ovaries Across Diverse States (Follicular and Non-Follicular Phases)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4534-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiabei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4950-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinkui","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5218-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7148-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8720-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongzhong","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China"},{"name":"Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, 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