{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:23:14Z","timestamp":1783984994070,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For nearly 30 years, a chronic disease causing severe chronic subcutaneous edema of unknown etiology has been affecting cattle in the Central\u2013Northern and Central\u2013Southern mesoregions of the State of Bahia, Brazil. In this research we investigated 15 outbreaks of the disease, from October 2023 to April 2025, to determine its etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical signs, and pathology. The disease occurs during the dry season in areas of native forest. It is characterized by chronic subcutaneous edema, especially in the regions of the head, dewlap, chest, and thoracic limbs, and by hydropericardium, hydrothorax, ascites, and right ventricular dilation. Marked hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of arteries and arterioles, sometimes with an eccentric, irregular, and asymmetric arrangement, were the main histologic lesions observed. The thicknesses of the media of pulmonary and heart arteries and arterioles of 10 affected cattle were significantly thicker than those from 10 control cattle. The tunica adventitia was thickened with increased deposition of collagen, and the intima was hyperplasic. The aorta and carotid arteries showed multifocal smooth muscle cell proliferation in the tunica media. It is concluded that the disease is due to right heart failure due to pulmonary arterial hypertension (chronic cor pulmonale). Epidemiological data and inspections of affected pastures suggest that the disease is caused by a toxic plant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:25:57Z","timestamp":1756189557000},"page":"2501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chronic Edema Associated with Cor Pulmonale in Cattle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4756-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds G.","family":"Caymmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00facio F. F.","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula V.","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano A.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Sector, Federal University of Rec\u00f4ncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose C.","family":"de Oliveira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Sector, Federal University of Rec\u00f4ncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago C.","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C. S. N.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2968-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo B.","family":"de Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba (UFPB), Campus II, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5738-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Riet-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01017.2004","article-title":"Comparative physiology of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: Historical clues from brisket disease","volume":"98","author":"Rhodes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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