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This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent applications of computer vision in dairy farming management operations, including cattle identification and tracking, and consequently the assessment of feeding and rumination behavior, body condition score, lameness and lying behavior, mastitis and milk yield, and social behavior and oestrus. By synthesizing findings from recent studies, we highlight how computer vision systems contribute to improving animal welfare and enhancing productivity and reproductive performance. The paper also discusses current technological limitations, such as variability in environmental conditions and data integration challenges, as well as opportunities for future development, particularly through the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning. This review aims to guide researchers and practitioners toward more effective adoption of vision-based technologies in precision livestock farming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1756217929000},"page":"2508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Computer Vision in Dairy Farm Management: A Literature Review of Current Applications and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4469-7964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Antognoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Presutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5757-8514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Torreggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Tassinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140273","article-title":"Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Dairy Production Systems in Southern Brazil","volume":"741","author":"Ruviaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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