{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:44:55Z","timestamp":1773769495262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MCIN AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/","award":["PID2021 127867OB I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021 127867OB I00"]}]},{"name":"MCIN AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/","award":["PRE2022 104572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2022 104572"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 ESF+ \u201cInvierte en tu futuro\u201d","award":["PID2021 127867OB I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021 127867OB I00"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 ESF+ \u201cInvierte en tu futuro\u201d","award":["PRE2022 104572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2022 104572"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 3D-printed cannula in inducing ovulation in female rabbits without exogenous GnRH analogues. A total of 325 inseminations were performed across different physiological stages: nulliparous, multiparous lactating, and multiparous non-lactating does. Two insemination methods were compared: a physical stimulation technique using the 3D-printed cannula and a control method involving hormonal induction with buserelin acetate. Females were either synchronized with eCG or left untreated. Delivery rates and litter sizes were recorded to assess fertility outcomes. Results indicated that the insemination procedure had a noticeable effect on delivery rate, with the control group showing greater rates (79%) compared to the cannula group (65%). In conclusion, these findings suggest that physical stimulation via the cannula can induce ovulation without exogenous hormones. This hormone-free approach offers a promising and welfare-friendly alternative for rabbit artificial insemination, aligning with efforts to reduce hormone use in livestock production. Further optimization of cannula design and technique may improve results, particularly in less responsive groups, supporting sustainable and ethical reproductive management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T16:18:15Z","timestamp":1756484295000},"page":"2544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reducing Hormonal Inputs in Rabbit Reproduction: Physical Ovulation Induction with a 3D-Printed Cannula"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7680-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal (CITA), Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 12400 Segorbe, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Salvador","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Animal Technology (ICTA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5226-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Marco-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Animal Technology (ICTA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Agroingenier\u00eda, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Montcada, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Viudes-de-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal (CITA), Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 12400 Segorbe, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2000.0198","article-title":"Neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH release in induced ovulators","volume":"21","author":"Bakker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front. 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