{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:09:25Z","timestamp":1791562165753,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Next-Generation EU action","award":["2022K5TRCZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022K5TRCZ"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["2022K5TRCZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022K5TRCZ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the bioaccumulation patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the liver and muscle tissues of wild boars (n = 39) and domestic pigs (n = 38) from Northern Italy. This research addressed a critical gap in our understanding of how different ecologies and diets influence the uptake of persistent organic contaminants in two closely related species, one domestic and one wild. Significant differences in contaminant profiles were observed, largely attributable to distinct exposure routes and feeding behaviors. Wild boars displayed different quantities and families of environmental contaminants, with higher PCB levels in muscle and PFASs in liver. Conversely, domestic pigs exhibited markedly higher PAH concentrations, primarily linked to contaminated feed in controlled agricultural settings. The liver consistently demonstrated a central role in toxicant retention across both species. Notably, concentrations of several regulated PFAS compounds in both wild and farmed animals exceeded EU maximum levels (sum of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS: 1.3 \u00b5g\/kg), raising significant food safety concerns. These findings underscore the critical need for continuous environmental biomonitoring, stricter control of contaminant sources in agriculture, and updated risk assessments for both wild and domestic meat products to protect animal welfare and human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1756999881000},"page":"2600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Environmental Monitoring of PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, and PFASs in Wild Boar and Domestic Pig Tissues from Northern Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Draghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, I.N.B.B., 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Fontanarosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, I.N.B.B., 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, I.N.B.B., 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via M. Longo 50, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Amoresano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, I.N.B.B., 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Materazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, I.N.B.B., 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6213-5387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Risoluti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, I.N.B.B., 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Curci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Curone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Cagnardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Arioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Di Cesare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-03551-y","article-title":"A review of persistent organic pollutants: Dioxins, furans, and their associated nitrogenated analogues","volume":"2","author":"Kirkok","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Appl. 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