{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:41:56Z","timestamp":1760060516910,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention","award":["ABDC-b202402","1630012025802","1630012025807","SQ2024QNJJ0594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABDC-b202402","1630012025802","1630012025807","SQ2024QNJJ0594"]}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of the Chinese Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["ABDC-b202402","1630012025802","1630012025807","SQ2024QNJJ0594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABDC-b202402","1630012025802","1630012025807","SQ2024QNJJ0594"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund Project","award":["ABDC-b202402","1630012025802","1630012025807","SQ2024QNJJ0594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABDC-b202402","1630012025802","1630012025807","SQ2024QNJJ0594"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As an indigenous goat breed unique to southern China, Leizhou Black Goats (LZBGs) are highly valued for their rapid growth, high reproductive performance, and superior meat quality. However, their offspring frequently exhibit symptoms of muscle atrophy and malnutrition, suggesting potential genetic defects underlying these adverse phenotypes. As a unique extracellular matrix component, collagen Q (COLQ) is specifically enriched within the synaptic basal lamina at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), where it anchors acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to facilitate efficient acetylcholine hydrolysis, ensuring precise neuromuscular signaling. The current investigation sought to characterize the spectrum of genetic polymorphisms within the COLQ gene and assess their correlation with key production traits, including growth performance and meat quality parameters, in the LZBG population. Previously, through whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing analyses of an LZBG population, we identified four SNPs in the COLQ gene, namely, two missense mutations (SNP1: p.238A\/S and SNP3: p.47G\/S), one intronic variant (SNP2), and one synonymous mutation (SNP4: p.101P\/P). Population genetic analysis revealed strong linkage disequilibrium between SNP1 and SNP2. Computational modeling of protein structures predicted that the identified missense mutations may lead to alterations in protein conformation. Association analyses demonstrated significant correlations of SNP1 and SNP3 with growth and meat quality traits (p &lt; 0.05), where SNP3 reduced COLQ expression by 0.64-fold in homozygotes. Association analysis revealed that both SNP1 and SNP3 showed significant correlations with growth and meat quality traits in LZBGs (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, SNP3 (p.47G\/S) was found to regulate COLQ gene expression, reducing its levels by 0.64-fold in homozygous individuals, suggesting its potential as a genetic marker for selecting goats with superior growth performance and muscular development characteristics. The identified genetic variants establish a foundation for marker-assisted selection in LZBG breeding programs with particular relevance to growth performance enhancement, while also advancing the understanding of COLQ\u2019s functional mechanisms in muscle development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1757318792000},"page":"2618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of COLQ Gene Missense Mutations on Growth and Meat Traits in Leizhou Black Goats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2509-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3400-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China"},{"name":"Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuelang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China"},{"name":"Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0835-9347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Dairy goat production systems: Status quo, perspectives and challenges","volume":"45","author":"Wurzinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. 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