{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:23Z","timestamp":1787027483902,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","award":["PON01_486 GENOBU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON01_486 GENOBU"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","award":["0215513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0215513"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","award":["3634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3634"]}]},{"name":"Project \u201cBIG\u201d","award":["PON01_486 GENOBU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON01_486 GENOBU"]}]},{"name":"Project \u201cBIG\u201d","award":["0215513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0215513"]}]},{"name":"Project \u201cBIG\u201d","award":["3634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3634"]}]},{"name":"Programma di ricerca per la Biosicurezza delle Aziende Bufaline","award":["PON01_486 GENOBU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON01_486 GENOBU"]}]},{"name":"Programma di ricerca per la Biosicurezza delle Aziende Bufaline","award":["0215513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0215513"]}]},{"name":"Programma di ricerca per la Biosicurezza delle Aziende Bufaline","award":["3634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3634"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Italy, karyotype analysis is routinely performed on all young males intended for reproduction to screen for chromosome abnormalities. This practice gained prominence following the identification of a complex chromosome abnormality in a well-known bull named Magnifico and its progeny. This procedure significantly enhances the value of the Mediterranean Italian River Buffalo breed, particularly in the context of artificial insemination both within Italy and in other countries importing semen. In the current study, 159 young Mediterranean Italian River Buffalo (MIRB) males intended for reproduction, 30 females with fertility issues, 3 young females and a male co-twin were investigated by analyzing their karyotype using both CBA- and RBA-banding. All males displayed a normal karyotype (2n = 50, XY), although one animal displayed an abnormal X-chromosome with C-band polymorphism, as it is C-band negative when this chromosome normally shows the largest C-band among all chromosomes. This result was also confirmed by the FISH-mapping technique using three bovine BAC-clones containing SAT-I, SAT-III and SAT-IV. Cytogenetic investigation showed that seven females, along with one male co-twin, were affected by freemartinism (XX\/XY leukocyte chimerism) and were subsequently removed from the farm. In two of these females, clinical and necroscopic examinations showed severe damage of the internal reproductive organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15182654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T15:39:23Z","timestamp":1757518763000},"page":"2654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cytogenetic Screening on Mediterranean Italian River Buffalo Males Intended for Reproduction and Females with Fertility Issues\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Perucatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ciotola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Pistucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4018-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Albarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7635-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Genualdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1944-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Cimmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Association of Buffalo Breeders (ANASB), 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4731-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Piscopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6975-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evaristo","family":"Di Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Incarnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3091-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Paciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2351-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1544-6673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Parma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Iannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Naples, 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