{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:22:52Z","timestamp":1791937372165,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":244,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rodents are among the most widespread mammals globally and serve as critical reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic parasites that significantly impact human health. This review explores the growing public health concern of rodent-borne parasitic diseases, encompassing protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Key protozoan parasites include Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Cryptosporidium spp., all of which are capable of causing severe diseases in humans and are found in rodent populations. Zoonotic helminths such as Hymenolepis spp., Trichinella spiralis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Capillaria hepatica, and Baylisascaris procyonis also demonstrate substantial zoonotic potential. Moreover, ectoparasites like Xenopsylla cheopis, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Ixodes spp. play key roles in the transmission of vector-borne diseases, including plague, murine typhus, and Lyme disease. Anthropogenic factors, including urbanization, poor sanitation, habitat destruction, and climate change, exacerbate the emergence and spread of these infections. These drivers not only disrupt rodent ecology but also increase the frequency of human\u2013rodent interactions, facilitating zoonotic transmission. Despite the severity of these threats, rodent-borne parasitic diseases remain underrecognized, particularly in low-resource settings where surveillance and control efforts are often limited. This review highlights the pressing need for integrated One Health strategies that encompass rodent population control, environmental hygiene, vector management, and public education. Strengthening global surveillance systems and investing in interdisciplinary research are critical for early detection, risk assessment, and prevention of future outbreaks. Tackling the ecological and environmental drivers of rodent-borne parasitic diseases is essential to safeguard both human and animal health in an increasingly interconnected world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15182681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T09:43:41Z","timestamp":1757929421000},"page":"2681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rodent-Borne Parasites and Human Disease: A Growing Public Health Concern"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso J.","family":"Rodriguez-Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15307, Peru"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas-Instituci\u00f3n, Universitaria Visi\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5260-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awad A.","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUM School of Natural Sciences, Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-2735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rokshana","family":"Parvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadia","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phelipe Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen","family":"Basiouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preclinical Research, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundwall, \u00c5., Persson, M., Hansson, K., and Jonsson, M. 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