{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:15:04Z","timestamp":1760055304890,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Doctorados de la Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n","award":["USS-FIN-25-APCS-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USS-FIN-25-APCS-42"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of including 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g\/kg of dry matter (DM) of spineless cactus (SC; Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) plus urea and ammonium sulphate (UAS) (9:1), replacing Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85), on nutrient intake and digestibility, feeding behaviour, water intake, and rumen dynamics. Five rumen-fistulated and cannulated crossbred wethers were randomly assigned in a 5 \u00d7 5 Latin square design. A roughage:concentrate ratio of 70:30 was supplied. Organic matter (OM) and metabolisable energy (ME) intakes showed quadratic responses (p &lt; 0.05), with maximum values of 1157 g\/day and 14.50 MJ\/day estimated at SC+UAS levels of 364 and 410 g\/kg DM, respectively. Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, and non-fibre carbohydrates, as well as water excretion in faeces and degradation rate of DM, increased with SC+UAS inclusion (p &lt; 0.05). Indigestible neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake, feeding and rumination times, voluntary water intake, NDF degradation and passage rates, as well as the indigestible NDF passage rate, decreased with SC+UAS inclusion (p &lt; 0.05). In wethers\u2019 diets with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 70:30, a roughage combination of SC+UAS and Tifton-85 hay in a 41:29 ratio is recommended to maximise ME intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15192865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T14:16:29Z","timestamp":1759241789000},"page":"2865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Aspects of the Association of Spineless Cactus and Urea with Tifton-85 Hay in Wethers\u2019 Diets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8439-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert Emilio","family":"Mora-Luna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3963-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Santiago 8420524, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0377-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Christina Bernardo de","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Gabriela da","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte 63133-610, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6982-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juana Catarina Cariri","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 907-36 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thayane Vit\u00f3ria Monteiro","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Augusto Bastos Afonso da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9211-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Fernando Ramos de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo de Andrade","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"Dryland Systems","volume":"Volume I","author":"Hassan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-015-2636-8","article-title":"Global Semi-Arid Climate Change over Last 60 Years","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clim. 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