{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T11:29:45Z","timestamp":1793100585468,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Canine sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) can present singular as a primary disease or secondary to concurrent sinonasal pathology. We hypothesized that treatment response and prognosis differ between both forms, particularly when sinusitis is present. Methods: In this retrospective study, 30 dogs with SNA were categorized as either group pA (primary aspergillosis) or group sA (secondary aspergillosis; with additional sinonasal pathology). History, diagnostics, endoscopic therapeutic intervention of affected nose and sinus, and follow-up data were analyzed. Results: Group pA included 19\/30 dogs (63%), with 15 dogs (79%) showing concurrent sinusitis. Group sA included 11\/30 dogs (37%; additional conditions: foreign bodies, dental pathologies, frontal bone fracture). Only 2\/11 sA dogs (18%) had sinusitis. Follow-ups in group pA were more frequent than in group sA (p = 0.04). Need for re-treatments differed significantly between groups (p = 0.02) and in dogs with sinusitis, regardless of group (p &lt; 0.001). In group sA, treating the underlying condition plus single endoscopic debridement \u00b1 antifungal therapy led to clinical resolution in 11 of 12 dogs (92%). Conclusions: Primary SNA is frequently associated with sinusitis, requires aggressive repeated antifungal therapy, and may not achieve a definitive cure. Secondary SNA is usually confined to the nasal cavity, responds well to underlying condition treatment, carries better prognosis, and requires fewer antifungal treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15192880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T14:27:42Z","timestamp":1759328862000},"page":"2880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Primary and Secondary Sinonasal Aspergillosis in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"R\u00f6sch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ear, Nose, and Throat Unit, Small Animal Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04102 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard Ulrich","family":"Oechtering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ear, Nose, and Throat Unit, Small Animal Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04102 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.11.002","article-title":"An Immunohistochemical Study of Canine Nasal Aspergillosis","volume":"132","author":"Peeters","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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