{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:43:42Z","timestamp":1790210622820,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Candioli Pharma srl, Beinasco, Turin, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in companion animals leads to progressive renal deterioration and metabolic complications such as hyperphosphatemia and metabolic acidosis, particularly in advanced stages. Methods: This 90-day, double-blind, randomized controlled study evaluated the effects of a renal supplement (Renal Combi, Candioli srl, Beinasco, Turin, Italy) in 30 dogs diagnosed with CKD. Dogs were randomly assigned to a treatment group (TRT, n = 15), receiving a commercial renal diet plus the supplement (once daily), or a control group (CTR, n = 15), receiving the same diet and a placebo. Results: Results showed that supplementation effectively reduced proteinuria, blood urea, and phosphorus levels, stabilized creatinine and SDMA, and maintained blood pressure. It also improved markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The once-daily dosage simplified administration and was especially beneficial for hyporexic dogs or those on multiple medications. This study supports the use of the tested supplement as an effective adjunctive therapy for managing CKD in dogs, offering metabolic, renal, and nutritional benefits while enhancing compliance through convenient dosing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15192884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T08:20:28Z","timestamp":1759393228000},"page":"2884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of a Once-Daily Supplement in Managing Canine Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Perondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2920-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2493-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Isabella","family":"Cutrignelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Lippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Meineri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10095 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0247-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Martello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence Based Healthcare, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.09.004","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in small animals","volume":"41","author":"Polzin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. 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