{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:27:29Z","timestamp":1760488049077,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00417430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00417430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A six-year-old, neutered male Pomeranian weighing 4.25 kg was presented with a two-year history of non-weight-bearing lameness of the left thoracic limb following an untreated traumatic olecranon fracture. Orthopedic examination revealed markedly reduced elbow joint range of motion and muscle atrophy. Radiographs demonstrated a distinct fracture line with proximolateral displacement of the olecranon fragment. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction were used to establish the surgical plan and to pre-contour a locking plate. Surgical treatment was performed in sequential steps, including removal of scar tissue, reopening of the bone marrow channel, and internal fixation. Considering the compromised biological environment of a chronic non-union, a bioactive graft composed of porous leaf-stacked structure (LSS) polycaprolactone particles incorporating recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was applied in combination with plate-screw fixation. The patient showed progressive improvement after surgery, achieving full weight-bearing and restoration of elbow joint motion comparable to the contralateral side. Follow-up radiographs and CT confirmed fracture union, and the radiolucency of the LSS scaffold enabled precise monitoring of bone healing. This case highlights the potential utility of combining patient-specific surgical planning with sustained delivery of rhBMP-2 and MSCs using LSS particles for the management of chronic non-union fractures in small animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15202968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T07:51:28Z","timestamp":1760428288000},"page":"2968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of Novel Biomaterials to Enhance Bone Regeneration in a Canine Non-Union Olecranon Fracture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Taeseok","family":"Noh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1262-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YoungJin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se-Heang","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biosystems, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam Gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1055-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunglim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3097-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonho","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2008.01.002","article-title":"Olecranon fractures","volume":"39","author":"Veillette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthop. 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