{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T04:40:48Z","timestamp":1760762448371,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Agency for Research and Development (ANID), Chile","award":["FONDECYT 1221042","FONDEQUIP EQM130257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 1221042","FONDEQUIP EQM130257"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013249","name":"Agricultural Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"AgResearch Strategic Science Investment Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arginine supplementation improves fetal growth and colostrum composition in nutrient-restricted ewes, but its high cost and ruminal degradation limit its practical use. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), which stimulates endogenous arginine synthesis, and is not degraded in rumen, may be a viable alternative. This study evaluated the effects of oral NCG supplementation (60 mg\/kg BW\/day from day 100 of gestation to term) on undernourished twin-bearing ewes (~50% NRC requirements; NCG n = 20, Control n = 21). Maternal body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), blood metabolites, placental traits, lamb body measurements, and colostrum composition were assessed. BW increased and BCS decreased over time (p &lt; 0.0001), with no treatment effect. Lamb and placental traits were similar between groups. NCG supplementation resulted in a 15% higher plasma urea concentration (p &lt; 0.03) and altered 21 serum metabolites, with reduced levels of valine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, proline, and phosphate, and increased serine, ethanolamine, urea, and 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid concentration compared to CON animals. Colostrum from NCG ewes had a 21% higher protein (p &lt; 0.04) and a 16% higher IgG content (p &lt; 0.03) compared to CON animals. Although NCG did not mitigate the negative effects of maternal undernutrition on fetal traits, it influenced maternal metabolism and improved colostrum quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15202998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:17:02Z","timestamp":1760617022000},"page":"2998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation in Late Pregnancy on Nutrient-Restricted Twin-Bearing Ewes on the Pre-Lambing Maternal Metabolome, Colostrum Quality and Lamb Birth Weight"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9197-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Sales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, INIA Kampenaike, Punta Arenas 6212707, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4806-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"McCoard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-0174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, INIA Kampenaike, Punta Arenas 6212707, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Chill\u00e1n 3800708, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3621-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor H.","family":"Parraguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"},{"name":"Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peri, P.L., Rosas, Y.M., Rivera, E., and Pastur, G.M. 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