{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:51:03Z","timestamp":1788835863975,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Fishery products Quality management Service (NFQS), Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","award":["NFQS2025002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFQS2025002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flumequine is an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture. Fish express drug-metabolizing genes in response to antibiotic exposure. However, studies on the effects of high flumequine concentrations on drug metabolism genes and histopathology of the olive flounder are limited. To investigate the response of olive flounder to flumequine, we administered it at different concentrations. We analyzed the expression of drug metabolism genes (CYP) in the liver and histopathological lesions in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. The gene expression levels of CYP were higher at the highest flumequine concentration tested (4\u00d7) than at the lowest flumequine concentration (1\u00d7). The highest CYP gene expression level was observed for CYP2B4 (46.6-fold) at 4\u00d7 flumequine compared to that in the control group. Hepatic atrophy, lymphocytic infiltration, and hematopoiesis were observed in the liver, spleen, and kidney at 4\u00d7 flumequine between 3 and 24 h compared to 1\u00d7 flumequine, respectively. These results contribute to a better understanding of drug metabolism and the general toxicity of pharmaceutical exposure in olive flounder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15213125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:02:01Z","timestamp":1761670921000},"page":"3125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of High Concentrations of Flumequine on CYP Gene Expression and Histopathology in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gi Baeg","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Interdisciplinary Education of Maritime and Ocean Contents, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Ju","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Min","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Disease Control Division, Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mun-Gyeong","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Disease Control Division, Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9166-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Don","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Interdisciplinary Education of Maritime and Ocean Contents, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Soo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Disease Control Division, Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"464","article-title":"Residues of ampicillin and amoxicillin in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus following oral administration","volume":"44","author":"Son","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J. 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