{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:14:56Z","timestamp":1761974096697,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Innovation System &amp; Education","award":["20250527000003426624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250527000003426624"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concurrent occurrence of two independent primary malignancies in a single dog is rare and presents diagnostic and surgical challenges. A 9-year-old neutered male Cocker Spaniel was diagnosed with adrenal pheochromocytoma and splenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Abdominal imaging revealed two distinct masses. Surgical management included adrenalectomy, splenectomy, mesenteric lymphadenectomy, and excision of a small mass adherent to the portal vein adventitia. Histopathology confirmed two separate malignancies, with chromogranin A positivity supporting pheochromocytoma and CD20 positivity confirming B-cell lymphoma. No additional metastatic lesions were identified, and the portal vein-associated mass was considered an isolated lesion closely adherent to the vessel wall, with its exact pathogenesis remaining uncertain. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this represents the first veterinary report describing adrenal pheochromocytoma with portal vein involvement successfully managed by surgical removal. The patient recovered well and remained disease-free for three years without adjuvant therapy. This case emphasizes that, even in technically demanding situations, meticulous surgical planning and comprehensive oncologic assessment can achieve durable remission and inform future approaches to complex veterinary cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15213159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1761878908000},"page":"3159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Survival in a Dog After Adrenalectomy and Splenectomy for Two Different Malignancies with Portal Vein Involvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9285-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KSH Surgical Animal Medical Center, Gwangju 61617, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7163-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8126-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang-Han","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KSH Surgical Animal Medical Center, Gwangju 61617, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Bin","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.25482","article-title":"Multiple Primary Malignant Tumors\u2014A Clinical Analysis of 15,321 Patients with Malignancies at a Single Center in China","volume":"9","author":"Zhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6799","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006799","article-title":"Clinical analysis and prognosis of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary malignant tumors","volume":"96","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.17221\/103\/2023-VETMED","article-title":"Canine multiple primary tumours: Mammary tubular carcinoma, uterine leiomyosarcoma, and facial sebaceous epithelioma","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.17221\/99\/2023-VETMED","article-title":"Concurrent primary splenic lymphoma and mammary gland tumour with polycystic ovaries in a dog","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13425","article-title":"Ex vivo MRI and histological comparison of the canine adrenal glands","volume":"65","author":"Carafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.12.1715","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors for outcome associated with adrenal gland tumors with or without invasion of the caudal vena cava and treated via adrenalectomy in dogs: 86 cases (1993\u20132009)","volume":"242","author":"Barrera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Javma-J. Am. Vet. Med. A"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.11.1309","article-title":"Surgical management of an adrenal gland tumor that had extended into the thoracic portion of the caudal vena cava in a dog","volume":"254","author":"Lipscomb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Javma-J. Am. Vet. Med. A"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"5382687","article-title":"Invasion of Pheochromocytoma from the Caudal Vena Cava to the Right Ventricular Cavity in a Dog","volume":"2020","author":"Machida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1110","article-title":"Preemptively planned en bloc resection of an extensive right adrenal pheochromocytoma involving the right hepatic division, caval thrombus and segmental caudal vena cava in a dog with Budd-Chiari-like syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2006.08.007","article-title":"Effects of location and extension of portal vein tumor thrombus on long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2014.02.016","article-title":"Canine lymphoma as a comparative model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Recent progress and applications","volume":"159","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810379428","article-title":"Classification of canine malignant lymphomas according to the World Health Organization criteria","volume":"48","author":"Valli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.11.1267","article-title":"Incidence of malignancy and outcomes for dogs undergoing splenectomy for incidentally detected nonruptured splenic nodules or masses: 105 cases (2009\u20132013)","volume":"248","author":"Cleveland","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seelig, D.M., Avery, A.C., Ehrhart, E.J., and Linden, M.A. (2016). The Comparative Diagnostic Features of Canine and Human Lymphoma. Vet. Sci., 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci3020011"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.092460","article-title":"Long-term risks after splenectomy among 8149 cancer-free American veterans: A cohort study with up to 27 years follow-up","volume":"99","author":"Kristinsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13525","article-title":"Lymphadenectomy improves outcome in dogs with resected Kiupel high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumours and overtly metastatic regional lymph nodes","volume":"63","author":"Chalfon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8823","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10186-9","article-title":"Complete Mesocolic Excision and D3 Lymphadenectomy versus Conventional Colectomy for Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"28","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27475","article-title":"Complete mesocolic excision and extended lymphadenectomy: Where should we stand?","volume":"129","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810363902","article-title":"A Morphological Study of 608 Cases of Canine Malignant Lymphoma in France With a Focus on Comparative Similarities Between Canine and Human Lymphoma Morphology","volume":"47","author":"Ponce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5669","article-title":"Elective and emergency surgical management of adrenal gland tumors: 60 cases (1999\u20132006)","volume":"47","author":"Lang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.2.216","article-title":"Adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumors: 52 cases (2002\u20132008)","volume":"239","author":"Massari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Javma-J. Am. Vet. Med. A"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collivignarelli, F., Bianchi, A., Paolini, A., Vignoli, M., Crisi, P.E., Falerno, I., Bonis, A., Rosto, M., and Tamburro, R. (2022). Two-Port Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy in Dogs. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12212917"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.03.0132","article-title":"Bilateral, single-session, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was associated with favorable outcomes in a cohort of dogs","volume":"261","author":"Farrell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Javma-J. Am. Vet. Med. A"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240296","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-24-0296","article-title":"Improved and individualized approach to adrenal surgery","volume":"32","author":"Carling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Bokhorst, K.L., Galac, S., Kooistra, H.S., de Grauw, J.C., Teske, E., Grinwis, G.C.M., and van Nimwegen, S.A. (2023). Laparoscopic vs. open adrenalectomy: Perioperative data and survival analysis in 70 dogs with an adrenal tumor. Front. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1156801"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"180","article-title":"Budd-Chiari-Like Syndrome Associated with a Pheochromocytoma Invading the Right Atrium in a Dog","volume":"67","author":"Rosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr. J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagani, E., Tursi, M., Lorenzi, C., Tarducci, A., Bruno, B., Mondino, E.C.B., and Zanatta, R. (2016). Ultrasonographic features of adrenal gland lesions in dogs can aid in diagnosis. Bmc Vet. Res., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0895-1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818819174","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma in Dogs Undergoing Adrenalectomy","volume":"56","author":"Zini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858211013712","article-title":"International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action","volume":"58","author":"Meuten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14225","article-title":"Successful venotomy for portal tumor thrombus removal due to pancreatic carcinoma in a dog","volume":"54","author":"Hertel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/21\/3159\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:10:42Z","timestamp":1761973842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/21\/3159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15213159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15213159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}}}