{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T04:47:45Z","timestamp":1761886065816,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016811","name":"National Institute of Forest Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FE0100-2024-03-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FE0100-2024-03-2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The roles of man-made weirs in flood control during the summer monsoon are well-known, but the function of habitats for wintering water birds has not been explored. This study examined the effects of man-made weirs on the wintering distribution of water birds in Tancheon Stream, Korea, with a focus on the impact of the freeze\u2013thaw process. Data collected from January to February 2003 included thawed water surface ratios, water depths, sandbar areas, and bird distribution under different weather conditions. The analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between thawed surface areas in front of the weir\u2019s drop structures and the abundance of dabbling and diving water birds during severe cold conditions with temperatures below \u22129 \u00b0C. However, it was also observed that the stagnant water impounded by the weirs tended to freeze easily in winter, making it difficult for water birds to inhabit those areas. These results suggest an adaptation of wintering water birds to man-made weirs in urban streams, providing significant insights for enhancing habitat functions in urban stream management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15213161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1761878908000},"page":"3161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Adaptation of Wintering Water Birds to Man-Made Weirs in Relation to the Freeze\u2013Thaw Process in Tancheon Stream, Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8088-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jangho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan-Ryul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livable Urban Forests Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8892-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Duck","family":"Sou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livable Urban Forests Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Environment, and Korea Environment Corporation (2011). 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